我如何在Java中打印一个二叉树,这样输出就像:
4
/ \
2 5
我的节点:
public class Node<A extends Comparable> {
Node<A> left, right;
A data;
public Node(A data){
this.data = data;
}
}
我如何在Java中打印一个二叉树,这样输出就像:
4
/ \
2 5
我的节点:
public class Node<A extends Comparable> {
Node<A> left, right;
A data;
public Node(A data){
this.data = data;
}
}
当前回答
private StringBuilder prettyPrint(Node root, int currentHeight, int totalHeight) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int spaces = getSpaceCount(totalHeight-currentHeight + 1);
if(root == null) {
//create a 'spatial' block and return it
String row = String.format("%"+(2*spaces+1)+"s%n", "");
//now repeat this row space+1 times
String block = new String(new char[spaces+1]).replace("\0", row);
return new StringBuilder(block);
}
if(currentHeight==totalHeight) return new StringBuilder(root.data+"");
int slashes = getSlashCount(totalHeight-currentHeight +1);
sb.append(String.format("%"+(spaces+1)+"s%"+spaces+"s", root.data+"", ""));
sb.append("\n");
//now print / and \
// but make sure that left and right exists
char leftSlash = root.left == null? ' ':'/';
char rightSlash = root.right==null? ' ':'\\';
int spaceInBetween = 1;
for(int i=0, space = spaces-1; i<slashes; i++, space --, spaceInBetween+=2) {
for(int j=0; j<space; j++) sb.append(" ");
sb.append(leftSlash);
for(int j=0; j<spaceInBetween; j++) sb.append(" ");
sb.append(rightSlash+"");
for(int j=0; j<space; j++) sb.append(" ");
sb.append("\n");
}
//sb.append("\n");
//now get string representations of left and right subtrees
StringBuilder leftTree = prettyPrint(root.left, currentHeight+1, totalHeight);
StringBuilder rightTree = prettyPrint(root.right, currentHeight+1, totalHeight);
// now line by line print the trees side by side
Scanner leftScanner = new Scanner(leftTree.toString());
Scanner rightScanner = new Scanner(rightTree.toString());
// spaceInBetween+=1;
while(leftScanner.hasNextLine()) {
if(currentHeight==totalHeight-1) {
sb.append(String.format("%-2s %2s", leftScanner.nextLine(), rightScanner.nextLine()));
sb.append("\n");
spaceInBetween-=2;
}
else {
sb.append(leftScanner.nextLine());
sb.append(" ");
sb.append(rightScanner.nextLine()+"\n");
}
}
return sb;
}
private int getSpaceCount(int height) {
return (int) (3*Math.pow(2, height-2)-1);
}
private int getSlashCount(int height) {
if(height <= 3) return height -1;
return (int) (3*Math.pow(2, height-3)-1);
}
https://github.com/murtraja/java-binary-tree-printer
只适用于1到2位整数(我懒得让它通用)
其他回答
using map...
{
Map<Integer,String> m = new LinkedHashMap<>();
tn.printNodeWithLvl(node,l,m);
for(Entry<Integer, String> map :m.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(map.getValue());
}
then....method
private void printNodeWithLvl(Node node,int l,Map<Integer,String> m) {
if(node==null) {
return;
}
if(m.containsKey(l)) {
m.put(l, new StringBuilder(m.get(l)).append(node.value).toString());
}else {
m.put(l, node.value+"");
}
l++;
printNodeWithLvl( node.left,l,m);
printNodeWithLvl(node.right,l,m);
}
}
在控制台打印:
500
700 300
200 400
简单代码:
public int getHeight()
{
if(rootNode == null) return -1;
return getHeight(rootNode);
}
private int getHeight(Node node)
{
if(node == null) return -1;
return Math.max(getHeight(node.left), getHeight(node.right)) + 1;
}
public void printBinaryTree(Node rootNode)
{
Queue<Node> rootsQueue = new LinkedList<Node>();
Queue<Node> levelQueue = new LinkedList<Node>();
levelQueue.add(rootNode);
int treeHeight = getHeight();
int firstNodeGap;
int internalNodeGap;
int copyinternalNodeGap;
while(true)
{
System.out.println("");
internalNodeGap = (int)(Math.pow(2, treeHeight + 1) -1);
copyinternalNodeGap = internalNodeGap;
firstNodeGap = internalNodeGap/2;
boolean levelFirstNode = true;
while(!levelQueue.isEmpty())
{
internalNodeGap = copyinternalNodeGap;
Node currNode = levelQueue.poll();
if(currNode != null)
{
if(levelFirstNode)
{
while(firstNodeGap > 0)
{
System.out.format("%s", " ");
firstNodeGap--;
}
levelFirstNode =false;
}
else
{
while(internalNodeGap>0)
{
internalNodeGap--;
System.out.format("%s", " ");
}
}
System.out.format("%3d",currNode.data);
rootsQueue.add(currNode);
}
}
--treeHeight;
while(!rootsQueue.isEmpty())
{
Node currNode = rootsQueue.poll();
if(currNode != null)
{
levelQueue.add(currNode.left);
levelQueue.add(currNode.right);
}
}
if(levelQueue.isEmpty()) break;
}
}
与垂直表示相比,水平表示有点复杂。垂直打印只是简单的RNL(右->节点->左或镜像的顺序)遍历,以便先打印右子树,然后打印左子树。
def printFullTree(root, delim=' ', idnt=[], left=None):
if root:
idnt.append(delim)
x, y = setDelims(left)
printFullTree(root.right, x, idnt, False)
indent2(root.val, idnt)
printFullTree(root.left, y, idnt, True)
idnt.pop()
def setDelims(left):
x = ' '; y='|'
return (y,x) if (left == True) else (x,y) if (left == False) else (x,x)
def indent2(x, idnt, width=6):
for delim in idnt:
print(delim + ' '*(width-1), end='')
print('|->', x)
output:
|-> 15
|-> 14
| |-> 13
|-> 12
| | |-> 11
| |-> 10
| |-> 9
|-> 8
| |-> 7
| |-> 6
| | |-> 4
|-> 3
| |-> 2
|-> 1
|-> 0
在水平表示中,显示由TreeMap的HashMap或HashMap<Integer, TreeMap<Integer, Object>> xy构建;其中HashMap包含节点的y轴/level_no作为Key, TreeMap作为value。Treemap内部保存同一级别的所有节点,按它们的x轴值排序,作为键,从最左端开始-ve,根=0,最右端=+ve。
如果使用自平衡树/Treap,则使用HashMap使算法在每个级别的O(1)查找中工作,并在O(logn)中使用TreeMap排序。
不过,在这样做的时候,不要忘记为空子存储占位符,例如' '/空格,这样树看起来就像预期的那样。
现在唯一剩下的就是计算水平节点的距离,这可以用一些数学计算来完成,
计算树的宽度和高度。 一旦完成,在显示节点时,根据计算的宽度,高度和倾斜信息(如果有的话),以最佳距离呈现它们。
public static class Node<T extends Comparable<T>> {
T value;
Node<T> left, right;
public void insertToTree(T v) {
if (value == null) {
value = v;
return;
}
if (v.compareTo(value) < 0) {
if (left == null) {
left = new Node<T>();
}
left.insertToTree(v);
} else {
if (right == null) {
right = new Node<T>();
}
right.insertToTree(v);
}
}
public void printTree(OutputStreamWriter out) throws IOException {
if (right != null) {
right.printTree(out, true, "");
}
printNodeValue(out);
if (left != null) {
left.printTree(out, false, "");
}
}
private void printNodeValue(OutputStreamWriter out) throws IOException {
if (value == null) {
out.write("<null>");
} else {
out.write(value.toString());
}
out.write('\n');
}
// use string and not stringbuffer on purpose as we need to change the indent at each recursion
private void printTree(OutputStreamWriter out, boolean isRight, String indent) throws IOException {
if (right != null) {
right.printTree(out, true, indent + (isRight ? " " : " | "));
}
out.write(indent);
if (isRight) {
out.write(" /");
} else {
out.write(" \\");
}
out.write("----- ");
printNodeValue(out);
if (left != null) {
left.printTree(out, false, indent + (isRight ? " | " : " "));
}
}
}
将打印:
/----- 20
| \----- 15
/----- 14
| \----- 13
/----- 12
| | /----- 11
| \----- 10
| \----- 9
8
| /----- 7
| /----- 6
| | \----- 5
\----- 4
| /----- 3
\----- 2
\----- 1
对于输入
8 4 12 2 6 10 14 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 20 15
这是@anurag回答的一个变体——看到额外的|让我很烦
迈克尔。克鲁兹曼,我不得不说,这人不错。这很有用。
然而,上面的方法只适用于个位数:如果您要使用多个数字,结构将会错位,因为您使用的是空格而不是制表符。
至于我后来的代码,我需要更多的数字,所以我自己编写了一个程序。
它现在有一些bug,现在我感觉很懒去纠正它们,但它打印得非常漂亮,节点可以接受更大数量的数字。
这棵树不会像问题提到的那样,但它旋转了270度:)
public static void printBinaryTree(TreeNode root, int level){
if(root==null)
return;
printBinaryTree(root.right, level+1);
if(level!=0){
for(int i=0;i<level-1;i++)
System.out.print("|\t");
System.out.println("|-------"+root.val);
}
else
System.out.println(root.val);
printBinaryTree(root.left, level+1);
}
将此函数与您自己指定的TreeNode一起放置,并保持初始级别为0,并享受!
以下是一些输出示例:
| | |-------11
| |-------10
| | |-------9
|-------8
| | |-------7
| |-------6
| | |-------5
4
| |-------3
|-------2
| |-------1
| | | |-------10
| | |-------9
| |-------8
| | |-------7
|-------6
| |-------5
4
| |-------3
|-------2
| |-------1
唯一的问题是延伸的分支;我会尽快解决这个问题,但在此之前你也可以使用它。