给定简单构造函数:

function Person(){
    this.name = 'test';
}


console.log(Person.prototype.constructor) // function Person(){...}

Person.prototype = { //constructor in this case is Object
    sayName: function(){
        return this.name;
    }
}

var person = new Person();
console.log(person instanceof Person); //true
console.log(person.sayName()); //test
console.log(Person.prototype.constructor) // function Object(){...}

默认情况下(来自规范https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/constructor)，所有原型都会自动获得一个称为constructor的属性，该属性指向属性所在的函数。 根据构造函数的不同，可能会将其他属性和方法添加到原型中，这不是很常见的做法，但仍然允许进行扩展。

所以简单地回答:我们需要确保原型中的值。构造函数被正确地设置为规范所假定的样子。

我们必须总是正确地设置这个值吗?它有助于调试，并使内部结构与规范保持一致。当我们的API被第三方使用时，我们肯定应该这样做，但当代码最终在运行时执行时，我们不应该这样做。

编辑，其实我错了。注释掉一行并不会改变它的行为。(我测试过)

是的，这是必要的。当你这样做时

Student.prototype = new Person();  

student。prototype。constructor变成Person。因此，调用Student()将返回Person创建的对象。如果你这样做了

Student.prototype.constructor = Student; 

Student.prototype.constructor被重置回Student。现在，当您调用Student()时，它执行Student，它调用父构造函数parent()，它返回正确继承的对象。如果你在调用Student.prototype.constructor之前没有重置它，你将得到一个没有在Student()中设置的任何属性的对象。

我不同意。不需要设置原型。取完全相同的代码，但去掉原型。构造函数。有什么变化吗?不。现在，进行以下更改:

Person = function () {
    this.favoriteColor = 'black';
}

Student = function () {
    Person.call(this);
    this.favoriteColor = 'blue';
}

在测试代码的末尾……

alert(student1.favoriteColor);

颜色是蓝色的。

对原型的更改。构造函数，根据我的经验，没有做太多，除非你做非常具体，非常复杂的事情，这可能不是一个好的实践:)

Edit: After poking around the web for a bit and doing some experimentation, it looks like people set the constructor so that it 'looks' like the thing that is being constructed with 'new'. I guess I would argue that the problem with this is that javascript is a prototype language - there is no such thing as inheritence. But most programmers come from a background of programming that pushes inheritence as 'the way'. So we come up with all sorts of things to try and make this prototypical language a 'classic' language.. such as extending 'classes'. Really, in the example they gave, a new student is a person - it isn't 'extending' from another student.. the student is all about the person, and whatever the person is the student is as well. Extend the student, and whatever you've extended is a student at heart, but is customized to fit your needs.

克罗克福德有点疯狂和过分热心，但认真阅读他写的一些东西。它会让你从不同的角度看待这个问题。

它并不总是必要的，但它确实有它的用途。假设我们想在基类Person上创建一个复制方法。是这样的:

// define the Person Class  
function Person(name) {
    this.name = name;
}  

Person.prototype.copy = function() {  
    // return new Person(this.name); // just as bad
    return new this.constructor(this.name);
};  

// define the Student class  
function Student(name) {  
    Person.call(this, name);
}  

// inherit Person  
Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);

现在，当我们创建一个新的Student并复制它时会发生什么?

var student1 = new Student("trinth");  
console.log(student1.copy() instanceof Student); // => false

副本不是Student的实例。这是因为(如果没有显式检查)，我们将无法从“基”类返回Student副本。我们只能返回Person。然而，如果我们重置了构造函数:

// correct the constructor pointer because it points to Person  
Student.prototype.constructor = Student;

.．.然后一切都按照预期进行:

var student1 = new Student("trinth");  
console.log(student1.copy() instanceof Student); // => true

得到了一个很好的代码示例，为什么真的有必要设置原型构造函数..

function CarFactory(name){ 
   this.name=name;  
} 
CarFactory.prototype.CreateNewCar = function(){ 
    return new this.constructor("New Car "+ this.name); 
} 
CarFactory.prototype.toString=function(){ 
    return 'Car Factory ' + this.name;
} 

AudiFactory.prototype = new CarFactory();      // Here's where the inheritance occurs 
AudiFactory.prototype.constructor=AudiFactory;       // Otherwise instances of Audi would have a constructor of Car 

function AudiFactory(name){ 
    this.name=name;
} 

AudiFactory.prototype.toString=function(){ 
    return 'Audi Factory ' + this.name;
} 

var myAudiFactory = new AudiFactory('');
  alert('Hay your new ' + myAudiFactory + ' is ready.. Start Producing new audi cars !!! ');            

var newCar =  myAudiFactory.CreateNewCar(); // calls a method inherited from CarFactory 
alert(newCar); 

/*
Without resetting prototype constructor back to instance, new cars will not come from New Audi factory, Instead it will come from car factory ( base class )..   Dont we want our new car from Audi factory ???? 
*/

这有一个巨大的陷阱，如果你写

Student.prototype.constructor = Student;

但如果有一个老师，他的原型也是人，你写

Teacher.prototype.constructor = Teacher;

那么学生构造函数现在是老师!

编辑: 您可以通过确保您已经使用使用Object创建的Person类的新实例设置了Student和Teacher原型来避免这种情况。创建，如Mozilla示例中所示。

Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Teacher.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);