var functionName = 函数() {} vs 函数函数Name() {}

我最近开始保持别人的JavaScript代码,我正在修复错误,添加功能,也试图更新代码并使其更加一致。

以前的开发人员使用了两种方式来宣布功能,我无法解决是否有原因。

兩種方式是:

var functionOne = function() {
    // Some code
};

function functionTwo() {
    // Some code
}

使用这两种不同的方法的原因是什么?每个方法的优点和缺点是什么?可以用一种方法做些什么,不能用另一种方法做些什么?

当前回答

函数内所宣布的变量/函数在页面内是全球性的,可以访问该页面中的任何地方.函数内所宣布的变量/函数具有本地范围. 也就是说,它们在函数体内可用/可用,它们不在函数体外可用。

变量

JavaScript 被称为顺利打字语言,这意味着 JavaScript 变量可以保留任何数据类型的值,JavaScript 会自动根据运行时间提供的值/字体来改变变量类型。

global_Page = 10;                                               var global_Page;      « undefined
    « Integer literal, Number Type.   -------------------       global_Page = 10;     « Number         
global_Page = 'Yash';                 |   Interpreted   |       global_Page = 'Yash'; « String
    « String literal, String Type.    «       AS        «       global_Page = true;   « Boolean 
var global_Page = true;               |                 |       global_Page = function (){          « function
    « Boolean Type                    -------------------                 var local_functionblock;  « undefined
global_Page = function (){                                                local_functionblock = 777;« Number
    var local_functionblock = 777;                              };  
    // Assigning function as a data.
};

功能

function Identifier_opt ( FormalParameterList_opt ) { 
      FunctionBody | sequence of statements

      « return;  Default undefined
      « return 'some data';
}

function globalAccess() {                                  function globalAccess() {      
}                                  -------------------     }
globalAccess();                    |                 |     function globalAccess() { « Re-Defined / overridden.
localAccess();                     «   Hoisted  As   «         function localAccess() {
function globalAccess() {          |                 |         }
     localAccess();                -------------------         localAccess(); « function accessed with in globalAccess() only.
     function localAccess() {                              }
     }                                                     globalAccess();
}                                                          localAccess(); « ReferenceError as the function is not defined

功能表达

        10;                 « literal
       (10);                « Expression                (10).toString() -> '10'
var a;                      
    a = 10;                 « Expression var              a.toString()  -> '10'
(function invoke() {        « Expression Function
 console.log('Self Invoking');                      (function () {
});                                                               }) () -> 'Self Invoking'

var f; 
    f = function (){        « Expression var Function
    console.log('var Function');                                   f ()  -> 'var Function'
    };

(function selfExecuting(){
    console.log('IIFE - Immediately-Invoked Function Expression');
}());

var anonymous = function (){
    console.log('anonymous function Expression');
};

var namedExpression = function for_InternalUSE(fact){
    if(fact === 1){
        return 1;
    }

    var localExpression = function(){
        console.log('Local to the parent Function Scope');
    };
    globalExpression = function(){ 
        console.log('creates a new global variable, then assigned this function.');
    };

    //return; //undefined.
    return fact * for_InternalUSE( fact - 1);   
};

namedExpression();
globalExpression();

JavaScript 被解释为

var anonymous;
var namedExpression;
var globalExpression;

anonymous = function (){
    console.log('anonymous function Expression');
};

namedExpression = function for_InternalUSE(fact){
    var localExpression;

    if(fact === 1){
        return 1;
    }
    localExpression = function(){
        console.log('Local to the parent Function Scope');
    };
    globalExpression = function(){ 
        console.log('creates a new global variable, then assigned this function.');
    };

    return fact * for_InternalUSE( fact - 1);    // DEFAULT UNDEFINED.
};

namedExpression(10);
globalExpression();

ES5 Constructor 功能类:使用 Function.prototype.bind 创建的功能对象

function Shape(id) { // Function Declaration
    this.id = id;
};
    // Adding a prototyped method to a function.
    Shape.prototype.getID = function () {
        return this.id;
    };
    Shape.prototype.setID = function ( id ) {
        this.id = id;
    };

var expFn = Shape; // Function Expression

var funObj = new Shape( ); // Function Object
funObj.hasOwnProperty('prototype'); // false
funObj.setID( 10 );
console.log( funObj.getID() ); // 10

ArrowFunction : ArrowParameters => ConciseBody. const fn = (item) => {返回项目 & 1? 'Odd' : 'Even'; }; console.log( fn(2) ); // Even console.log( fn(3) ); // Odd

2016-01-25 14:46:53

其他回答

在 Debugger/DevTools 中,如果您在控制台中使用格式函数Name() {} 函数时,您不能随后在控制台中使用函数Name() (即“未定义”),而在 var 函数Name = 函数() {} 后,您可以使用函数。

看这个问题。

2021-07-31 14:26:01

function x() {
    console.log('x');
}

x(); // Works even though it's above the declaration
function x() {
    console.log('x');
}

if (someCondition) {
    function foo() {    // <===== HERE THERE
    }                   // <===== BE DRAGONS
}

"use strict";
if (someCondition) {
    foo();               // Works just fine
    function foo() {
    }
}
console.log(typeof foo); // "undefined" (`foo` is not in scope here
                         // because it's not in the same block)

var y = function () {
    console.log('y');
};

名称函数表达式

var z = function w() {
    console.log('zw')
};

var z = function w() {
    console.log(typeof w); // "function"
};
console.log(typeof w);     // "undefined"

配件功能启动器(ES5+)

var obj = {
    value: 0,
    get f() {
        return this.value;
    },
    set f(v) {
        this.value = v;
    }
};
console.log(obj.f);         // 0
console.log(typeof obj.f);  // "number"

您还可以使用 Object.defineProperty、Object.defineProperties 和 Object.create 更不熟悉的第二个论点创建附件功能。

Arrow 功能表达式(ES2015+)

var a = [1, 2, 3];
var b = a.map(n => n * 2);
console.log(b.join(", ")); // 2, 4, 6

看到 n => n * 2 隐藏在地图() 呼叫? 这是一个函数。

关于箭头功能的一些事情:

他們沒有自己的這一點. 相反,他們關閉了他們所定義的背景的這一點. (他們也關閉了論點,在相關的情況下,超級.) 這意味著他們內在的這一點是相同的這一點,在那裡他們是創造的,並且不能改變。

var a = [1, 2, 3];
var b = a.map((n, i) => n * i);
console.log(b.join(", ")); // 0, 2, 6

如果您正在做一个单一表达式以上,请使用 {} 和一个明确的回报(如果您需要返回值),如正常:

var a = [
  {first: "Joe", last: "Bloggs"},
  {first: "Albert", last: "Bloggs"},
  {first: "Mary", last: "Albright"}
];
a = a.sort((a, b) => {
  var rv = a.last.localeCompare(b.last);
  if (rv === 0) {
    rv = a.first.localeCompare(b.first);
  }
  return rv;
});
console.log(JSON.stringify(a));

对象初步化方法宣言(ES2015+)

var o = {
    foo() {
    }
};

var o = {
    foo: function foo() {
    }
};

ES2015为我们提供类合成,包括声明的建筑师和方法:

class Person {
    constructor(firstName, lastName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    getFullName() {
        return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
    }
}

2014-03-04 13:35:48

第一個例子是一個功能宣言:

function abc(){}

第二个例子是函数表达:

var abc = function() {};

在第一個例子中,整個函數宣言都被封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封封。

把它简单地说:

//this will work
abc(param);
function abc(){}

//this would fail
abc(param);
var abc = function() {}

要了解更多关于这个主题,我强烈推荐这个链接。

2014-06-05 08:28:44

鉴于“名称函数在轨道上出现”的论点,现代的JavaScript引擎实际上非常能够代表匿名函数。

至于这篇文章,V8,SpiderMonkey,Chakra和Nitro总是提到他们的名字命名的函数,他们几乎总是提到一个匿名函数,它的识别器,如果它有一个。

SpiderMonkey 可以从另一个函数返回的匿名函数的名称。

如果你真的,真的想要你的 iterator 和成功的呼叫回复出现在轨道上,你可以命名那些也。

[].forEach(function iterator() {});

但是,大多数情况下,它不值得强调。

哈里斯(Fiddle)

'use strict';

var a = function () {
    throw new Error();
},
    b = function b() {
        throw new Error();
    },
    c = function d() {
        throw new Error();
    },
    e = {
        f: a,
        g: b,
        h: c,
        i: function () {
            throw new Error();
        },
        j: function j() {
            throw new Error();
        },
        k: function l() {
            throw new Error();
        }
    },
    m = (function () {
        return function () {
            throw new Error();
        };
    }()),
    n = (function () {
        return function n() {
            throw new Error();
        };
    }()),
    o = (function () {
        return function p() {
            throw new Error();
        };
    }());

console.log([a, b, c].concat(Object.keys(e).reduce(function (values, key) {
    return values.concat(e[key]);
}, [])).concat([m, n, o]).reduce(function (logs, func) {

    try {
        func();
    } catch (error) {
        return logs.concat('func.name: ' + func.name + '\n' +
                           'Trace:\n' +
                           error.stack);
        // Need to manually log the error object in Nitro.
    }

}, []).join('\n\n'));

func.name: 
Trace:
Error
    at a (http://localhost:8000/test.js:4:11)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: b
Trace:
Error
    at b (http://localhost:8000/test.js:7:15)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: d
Trace:
Error
    at d (http://localhost:8000/test.js:10:15)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: 
Trace:
Error
    at a (http://localhost:8000/test.js:4:11)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: b
Trace:
Error
    at b (http://localhost:8000/test.js:7:15)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: d
Trace:
Error
    at d (http://localhost:8000/test.js:10:15)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: 
Trace:
Error
    at e.i (http://localhost:8000/test.js:17:19)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: j
Trace:
Error
    at j (http://localhost:8000/test.js:20:19)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: l
Trace:
Error
    at l (http://localhost:8000/test.js:23:19)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: 
Trace:
Error
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:28:19
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: n
Trace:
Error
    at n (http://localhost:8000/test.js:33:19)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27

func.name: p
Trace:
Error
    at p (http://localhost:8000/test.js:38:19)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
    at Array.reduce (native)
    at http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:27 test.js:42

蜘蛛侠

func.name: 
Trace:
a@http://localhost:8000/test.js:4:5
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: b
Trace:
b@http://localhost:8000/test.js:7:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: d
Trace:
d@http://localhost:8000/test.js:10:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: 
Trace:
a@http://localhost:8000/test.js:4:5
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: b
Trace:
b@http://localhost:8000/test.js:7:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: d
Trace:
d@http://localhost:8000/test.js:10:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: 
Trace:
e.i@http://localhost:8000/test.js:17:13
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: j
Trace:
j@http://localhost:8000/test.js:20:13
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: l
Trace:
l@http://localhost:8000/test.js:23:13
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: 
Trace:
m</<@http://localhost:8000/test.js:28:13
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: n
Trace:
n@http://localhost:8000/test.js:33:13
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1


func.name: p
Trace:
p@http://localhost:8000/test.js:38:13
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9
@http://localhost:8000/test.js:54:1

查克拉

func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at a (http://localhost:8000/test.js:4:5)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at b (http://localhost:8000/test.js:7:9)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at d (http://localhost:8000/test.js:10:9)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at a (http://localhost:8000/test.js:4:5)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at b (http://localhost:8000/test.js:7:9)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at d (http://localhost:8000/test.js:10:9)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at e.i (http://localhost:8000/test.js:17:13)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at j (http://localhost:8000/test.js:20:13)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at l (http://localhost:8000/test.js:23:13)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:28:13)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at n (http://localhost:8000/test.js:33:13)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)


func.name: undefined
Trace:
Error
   at p (http://localhost:8000/test.js:38:13)
   at Anonymous function (http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:9)
   at Global code (http://localhost:8000/test.js:42:1)

尼特

func.name: 
Trace:
a@http://localhost:8000/test.js:4:22
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: b
Trace:
b@http://localhost:8000/test.js:7:26
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: d
Trace:
d@http://localhost:8000/test.js:10:26
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: 
Trace:
a@http://localhost:8000/test.js:4:22
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: b
Trace:
b@http://localhost:8000/test.js:7:26
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: d
Trace:
d@http://localhost:8000/test.js:10:26
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: 
Trace:
i@http://localhost:8000/test.js:17:30
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: j
Trace:
j@http://localhost:8000/test.js:20:30
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: l
Trace:
l@http://localhost:8000/test.js:23:30
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: 
Trace:
http://localhost:8000/test.js:28:30
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: n
Trace:
n@http://localhost:8000/test.js:33:30
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

func.name: p
Trace:
p@http://localhost:8000/test.js:38:30
http://localhost:8000/test.js:47:13
reduce@[native code]
global code@http://localhost:8000/test.js:44:33

2014-10-12 00:58:57

這只是兩種可能的方式來宣告功能,第二種方式,你可以在宣告之前使用功能。

2015-06-24 10:08:07

var functionName = 函数() {} vs 函数函数Name() {}

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