这个问题已经有很多答案了，但似乎都不如我最喜欢的解决这个问题的方法，这种方法只遍历和测试每个项目一次，并使用列表理解的速度来构建两个输出列表之一，因此它只需要使用相对较慢的附加来构建一个输出列表:

bad = []
good = [x for x in mylist if x in goodvals or bad.append(x)]

In my answer to a similar question, I explain how this approach works (a combination of Python's greedy evaluation of or refraining from executing the append for "good" items, and append returning a false-like value which leaves the if condition false for "bad" items), and I show timeit results indicating that this approach outcompetes alternatives like those suggested here, especially in cases where the majority of items will go into the list built by list-comprehension (in this case, the good list).

itertools。Groupby几乎可以满足您的要求，除了它要求对条目进行排序以确保您获得一个连续的范围之外，因此您需要首先根据键进行排序(否则您将为每种类型获得多个交错的组)。如。

def is_good(f):
    return f[2].lower() in IMAGE_TYPES

files = [ ('file1.jpg', 33L, '.jpg'), ('file2.avi', 999L, '.avi'), ('file3.gif', 123L, '.gif')]

for key, group in itertools.groupby(sorted(files, key=is_good), key=is_good):
    print key, list(group)

给:

False [('file2.avi', 999L, '.avi')]
True [('file1.jpg', 33L, '.jpg'), ('file3.gif', 123L, '.gif')]

与其他解决方案类似，可以将键func定义为任意数量的组。

如果你坚持聪明，你可以采用温登的解决方案，再加上一点虚假的聪明:

def splay(l, f, d=None):
  d = d or {}
  for x in l: d.setdefault(f(x), []).append(x)
  return d

有时候，列表理解并不是最好的选择!

我根据人们对这个话题的回答做了一个小测试，在一个随机生成的列表上测试。以下是列表的生成(可能有更好的方法，但这不是重点):

good_list = ('.jpg','.jpeg','.gif','.bmp','.png')

import random
import string
my_origin_list = []
for i in xrange(10000):
    fname = ''.join(random.choice(string.lowercase) for i in range(random.randrange(10)))
    if random.getrandbits(1):
        fext = random.choice(good_list)
    else:
        fext = "." + ''.join(random.choice(string.lowercase) for i in range(3))

    my_origin_list.append((fname + fext, random.randrange(1000), fext))

好了

# Parand
def f1():
    return [e for e in my_origin_list if e[2] in good_list], [e for e in my_origin_list if not e[2] in good_list]

# dbr
def f2():
    a, b = list(), list()
    for e in my_origin_list:
        if e[2] in good_list:
            a.append(e)
        else:
            b.append(e)
    return a, b

# John La Rooy
def f3():
    a, b = list(), list()
    for e in my_origin_list:
        (b, a)[e[2] in good_list].append(e)
    return a, b

# Ants Aasma
def f4():
    l1, l2 = tee((e[2] in good_list, e) for e in my_origin_list)
    return [i for p, i in l1 if p], [i for p, i in l2 if not p]

# My personal way to do
def f5():
    a, b = zip(*[(e, None) if e[2] in good_list else (None, e) for e in my_origin_list])
    return list(filter(None, a)), list(filter(None, b))

# BJ Homer
def f6():
    return filter(lambda e: e[2] in good_list, my_origin_list), filter(lambda e: not e[2] in good_list, my_origin_list)

使用cmpthese函数，最好的结果是dbr答案:

f1     204/s  --    -5%   -14%   -15%   -20%   -26%
f6     215/s     6%  --    -9%   -11%   -16%   -22%
f3     237/s    16%    10%  --    -2%    -7%   -14%
f4     240/s    18%    12%     2%  --    -6%   -13%
f5     255/s    25%    18%     8%     6%  --    -8%
f2     277/s    36%    29%    17%    15%     9%  --

good.append(x) if x in goodvals else bad.append(x)

来自@dansalmo的这个优雅简洁的回答被埋没在评论中，所以我只是把它作为一个答案转发到这里，这样它就能得到应有的重视，尤其是对新读者来说。

完整的例子:

good, bad = [], []
for x in my_list:
    good.append(x) if x in goodvals else bad.append(x)

解决方案

from itertools import tee

def unpack_args(fn):
    return lambda t: fn(*t)

def separate(fn, lx):
    return map(
        unpack_args(
            lambda i, ly: filter(
                lambda el: bool(i) == fn(el),
                ly)),
        enumerate(tee(lx, 2)))

test

[even, odd] = separate(
    lambda x: bool(x % 2),
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(list(even) == [2, 4])
print(list(odd) == [1, 3, 5])