简单的解释，没有任何代码

以上大多数答案都使用代码。这个解释试图通过一个类比/故事来回答这个问题:

外界不能接触CIA内部机密

Let's imagine a really secret place: the CIA. Nobody knows what's happening in the CIA apart from the people inside the CIA. In other words, external people cannot access any information in the CIA. But because it's no good having an organisation that is completely secret, certain information is made available to the outside world - only things that the CIA wants everyone to know about of course: e.g. the Director of the CIA, how environmentally friendly this department is compared to all other government departments etc. Other information: e.g. who are its covert operatives in Iraq or Afghanistan - these types of things will probably remain a secret for the next 150 years. If you're outside the CIA you can only access the information that it has made available to the public. Or to use CIA parlance you can only access information that is "cleared". The information that the CIA wants to make available to the general public outside the CIA are called: attributes.

读写属性的含义:

In the case of the CIA, most attributes are "read only". This means if you are a party external to the CIA, you can ask: "who is the director of the CIA?" and you will get a straight answer. But what you cannot do with "read only" attributes is to make changes changes in the CIA. e.g. you cannot make a phone call and suddenly decide that you want Kim Kardashian to be the Director, or that you want Paris Hilton to be the Commander in Chief. If the attributes gave you "write" access, then you could make changes if you want to, even if you were outside. Otherwise, the only thing you can do is read. In other words accessors allow you to make inquiries, or to make changes, to organisations that otherwise do not let external people in, depending on whether the accessors are read or write accessors.

类中的对象可以很容易地相互访问

另一方面，如果你已经在中央情报局内部，那么你可以很容易地打电话给你在喀布尔的中央情报局特工，因为这些信息很容易获得，因为你已经在里面了。但如果你不在中情局之外，你根本就没有权限:你不能知道他们是谁(读权限)，你也不能改变他们的任务(写权限)。

类也是如此，你可以访问其中的变量、属性和方法。HTH !任何问题，请问，我希望我能澄清。

我是ruby的新手，不得不理解下面的奇怪之处。也许将来能帮到别人。最后，就像上面提到的，其中两个函数(def myvar, def myvar=)都隐式地访问@myvar，但是这些方法可以被局部声明覆盖。

class Foo
  attr_accessor 'myvar'
  def initialize
    @myvar = "A"
    myvar = "B"
    puts @myvar # A
    puts myvar # B - myvar declared above overrides myvar method
  end

  def test
    puts @myvar # A
    puts myvar # A - coming from myvar accessor

    myvar = "C" # local myvar overrides accessor
    puts @myvar # A
    puts myvar # C

    send "myvar=", "E" # not running "myvar =", but instead calls setter for @myvar
    puts @myvar # E
    puts myvar # C
  end
end

如果你熟悉面向对象的概念，你必须熟悉getter和setter方法。 在Ruby中attr_accessor做同样的事情。

Getter和Setter的一般方式

class Person
  def name
    @name
  end

  def name=(str)
    @name = str
  end
end

person = Person.new
person.name = 'Eshaan'
person.name # => "Eshaan"

Setter方法

def name=(val)
  @name = val
end

Getter方法

def name
  @name
end

在Ruby中的Getter和Setter方法

class Person
  attr_accessor :name
end

person = Person.new
person.name = "Eshaan"
person.name # => "Eshaan"

Attr_accessor只是一个方法。(这个链接应该提供更多关于它如何工作的见解——看看生成的方法对，一个教程应该告诉你如何使用它。)

关键在于，类在Ruby中不是定义(在c++和Java等语言中“只是定义”)，而是求值的表达式。在此求值期间，调用attr_accessor方法，该方法反过来修改当前类——记住隐式接收器:self。其中self是此时“打开”的类对象。

对attr_accessor和friends的需求是:

像Smalltalk一样，Ruby不允许在该对象的method1之外访问实例变量。也就是说，不能像在Java甚至Python中那样以x.y形式访问实例变量。在Ruby中，y总是被当作一个要发送的消息(或“要调用的方法”)。因此attr_*方法创建包装器，通过动态创建的方法代理实例@变量访问。 样板很糟糕

希望这能澄清一些细节。快乐的编码。

1严格来说，这并不正确，有一些“技术”围绕这一点，但没有语法支持“公共实例变量”访问。

基本上，它们伪造了Ruby所不具备的公开可访问的数据属性。

它只是一个为实例变量定义getter和setter方法的方法。一个示例实现如下:

def self.attr_accessor(*names)
  names.each do |name|
    define_method(name) {instance_variable_get("@#{name}")} # This is the getter
    define_method("#{name}=") {|arg| instance_variable_set("@#{name}", arg)} # This is the setter
  end
end