虽然这里有这个问题的解决方案，但请看看我的解决方案。这是非常简单和工作良好。

import numpy as np
dataset = np.asarray([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
ma = list()
window = 3
for t in range(0, len(dataset)):
    if t+window <= len(dataset):
        indices = range(t, t+window)
        ma.append(np.average(np.take(dataset, indices)))
else:
    ma = np.asarray(ma)

上述所有的解决方案都很差，因为它们缺乏

由于本机python而不是numpy向量化实现， 数值稳定性，由于numpy使用不当。cumsum或 由于O(len(x) * w)实现为卷积的速度。

鉴于

import numpy
m = 10000
x = numpy.random.rand(m)
w = 1000

注意x_[:w].sum()等于x[:w-1].sum()。因此，对于第一个平均值，numpy.cumsum(…)加上x[w] / w(通过x_[w+1] / w)，并减去0(从x_[0] / w)。结果是x[0:w].mean()

通过cumsum，您将通过添加x[w+1] / w并减去x[0] / w来更新第二个平均值，从而得到x[1:w+1].mean()。

这将一直进行，直到到达x[-w:].mean()。

x_ = numpy.insert(x, 0, 0)
sliding_average = x_[:w].sum() / w + numpy.cumsum(x_[w:] - x_[:-w]) / w

这个解是向量化的，O(m)，可读且数值稳定。

你可以使用scipy. nmage .uniform_filter1d:

import numpy as np
from scipy.ndimage import uniform_filter1d
N = 1000
x = np.random.random(100000)
y = uniform_filter1d(x, size=N)

uniform_filter1d:

给出具有相同numpy形状的输出(即点数) 允许多种方式处理边界，其中'reflect'是默认的，但在我的情况下，我更想要'nearest'

它也相当快(比np快近50倍)。卷积，比上述cumsum方法快2-5倍):

%timeit y1 = np.convolve(x, np.ones((N,))/N, mode='same')
100 loops, best of 3: 9.28 ms per loop

%timeit y2 = uniform_filter1d(x, size=N)
10000 loops, best of 3: 191 µs per loop

这里有3个函数可以让你比较不同实现的错误/速度:

from __future__ import division
import numpy as np
import scipy.ndimage as ndi
def running_mean_convolve(x, N):
    return np.convolve(x, np.ones(N) / float(N), 'valid')
def running_mean_cumsum(x, N):
    cumsum = np.cumsum(np.insert(x, 0, 0))
    return (cumsum[N:] - cumsum[:-N]) / float(N)
def running_mean_uniform_filter1d(x, N):
    return ndi.uniform_filter1d(x, N, mode='constant', origin=-(N//2))[:-(N-1)]

有点晚了，但我已经做了我自己的小函数，它不环绕端点或垫与零，然后用于查找平均值。进一步的处理是，它还在线性间隔点上对信号进行重新采样。随意定制代码以获得其他特性。

该方法是一个简单的矩阵乘法与规范化高斯核。

def running_mean(y_in, x_in, N_out=101, sigma=1):
    '''
    Returns running mean as a Bell-curve weighted average at evenly spaced
    points. Does NOT wrap signal around, or pad with zeros.
    
    Arguments:
    y_in -- y values, the values to be smoothed and re-sampled
    x_in -- x values for array
    
    Keyword arguments:
    N_out -- NoOf elements in resampled array.
    sigma -- 'Width' of Bell-curve in units of param x .
    '''
    import numpy as np
    N_in = len(y_in)

    # Gaussian kernel
    x_out = np.linspace(np.min(x_in), np.max(x_in), N_out)
    x_in_mesh, x_out_mesh = np.meshgrid(x_in, x_out)
    gauss_kernel = np.exp(-np.square(x_in_mesh - x_out_mesh) / (2 * sigma**2))
    # Normalize kernel, such that the sum is one along axis 1
    normalization = np.tile(np.reshape(np.sum(gauss_kernel, axis=1), (N_out, 1)), (1, N_in))
    gauss_kernel_normalized = gauss_kernel / normalization
    # Perform running average as a linear operation
    y_out = gauss_kernel_normalized @ y_in

    return y_out, x_out

正弦信号加正态分布噪声的一个简单用法:

另一个解决方案是使用标准库和deque:

from collections import deque
import itertools

def moving_average(iterable, n=3):
    # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average
    it = iter(iterable) 
    # create an iterable object from input argument
    d = deque(itertools.islice(it, n-1))  
    # create deque object by slicing iterable
    d.appendleft(0)
    s = sum(d)
    for elem in it:
        s += elem - d.popleft()
        d.append(elem)
        yield s / n

# example on how to use it
for i in  moving_average([40, 30, 50, 46, 39, 44]):
    print(i)

# 40.0
# 42.0
# 45.0
# 43.0

如果你选择自己生成，而不是使用现有的库，请注意浮点错误并尽量减少其影响:

class SumAccumulator:
    def __init__(self):
        self.values = [0]
        self.count = 0

    def add( self, val ):
        self.values.append( val )
        self.count = self.count + 1
        i = self.count
        while i & 0x01:
            i = i >> 1
            v0 = self.values.pop()
            v1 = self.values.pop()
            self.values.append( v0 + v1 )

    def get_total(self):
        return sum( reversed(self.values) )

    def get_size( self ):
        return self.count

如果所有的值都是大致相同的数量级，那么这将通过始终添加大致相似的数量级值来帮助保持精度。