为什么不可能重写静态方法?
如果可能,请举例说明。
为什么不可能重写静态方法?
如果可能,请举例说明。
当前回答
Well... the answer is NO if you think from the perspective of how an overriden method should behave in Java. But, you don't get any compiler error if you try to override a static method. That means, if you try to override, Java doesn't stop you doing that; but you certainly don't get the same effect as you get for non-static methods. Overriding in Java simply means that the particular method would be called based on the run time type of the object and not on the compile time type of it (which is the case with overriden static methods). Okay... any guesses for the reason why do they behave strangely? Because they are class methods and hence access to them is always resolved during compile time only using the compile time type information. Accessing them using object references is just an extra liberty given by the designers of Java and we should certainly not think of stopping that practice only when they restrict it :-)
示例:让我们试着看看如果我们尝试重写一个静态方法会发生什么:-
class SuperClass {
// ......
public static void staticMethod() {
System.out.println("SuperClass: inside staticMethod");
}
// ......
}
public class SubClass extends SuperClass {
// ......
// overriding the static method
public static void staticMethod() {
System.out.println("SubClass: inside staticMethod");
}
// ......
public static void main(String[] args) {
// ......
SuperClass superClassWithSuperCons = new SuperClass();
SuperClass superClassWithSubCons = new SubClass();
SubClass subClassWithSubCons = new SubClass();
superClassWithSuperCons.staticMethod();
superClassWithSubCons.staticMethod();
subClassWithSubCons.staticMethod();
// ...
}
}
输出: SuperClass:在staticMethod内部 SuperClass:在staticMethod内部 子类:staticMethod内部
注意输出的第二行。如果staticMethod被重写,这一行应该与第三行相同,因为我们在运行时类型的对象上调用'staticMethod()'作为'子类'而不是'超类'。这证实了静态方法总是只使用它们的编译时类型信息进行解析。
其他回答
方法重写可以通过动态调度实现,这意味着对象的声明类型不决定其行为,而是决定其运行时类型:
Animal lassie = new Dog();
lassie.speak(); // outputs "woof!"
Animal kermit = new Frog();
kermit.speak(); // outputs "ribbit!"
尽管lassie和kermit都声明为Animal类型的对象,但它们的行为(method .speak())会有所不同,因为动态调度只会在运行时将方法调用.speak()绑定到实现,而不是在编译时。
现在,这里是静态关键字开始有意义的地方:单词“静态”是“动态”的反义词。所以你不能重写静态方法的原因是因为静态成员上没有动态分派——因为静态字面上的意思是“非动态的”。如果它们是动态分派的(因此可以被重写),静态关键字就没有意义了。
Here is a simple explanation. A static method is associated with a class while an instance method is associated with a particular object. Overrides allow calling the different implementation of the overridden methods associated with the particular object. So it is counter-intuitive to override static method which is not even associated with objects but the class itself in the first place. So static methods cannot be overridden based on what object is calling it, it will always be associated with the class where it was created.
通过重写,可以实现动态多态。 当您说覆盖静态方法时,您试图使用的词语是矛盾的。
静态表示-编译时,重写用于动态多态性。 两者在性质上是相反的,因此不能同时使用。
动态多态行为发生在程序员使用对象并访问实例方法时。JRE将根据您使用的对象类型映射不同类的不同实例方法。
当你说覆盖静态方法时,我们将使用类名访问静态方法,它将在编译时被链接,因此没有在运行时将方法与静态方法链接的概念。因此,术语“重写”静态方法本身没有任何意义。
注意:即使你用一个对象访问一个类方法,java编译器仍然有足够的智能来发现它,并会做静态链接。
现在看到上面的答案,每个人都知道我们不能重写静态方法,但不应该误解从子类访问静态方法的概念。
我们可以通过子类引用访问超类的静态方法,如果这个静态方法没有被子类中定义的新静态方法所隐藏。
例如,请参见下面的代码:-
public class StaticMethodsHiding {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SubClass.hello();
}
}
class SuperClass {
static void hello(){
System.out.println("SuperClass saying Hello");
}
}
class SubClass extends SuperClass {
// static void hello() {
// System.out.println("SubClass Hello");
// }
}
输出:
SuperClass saying Hello
关于在子类中隐藏静态方法的细节,请参阅Java oracle文档并搜索你可以在子类中做什么。
谢谢
通过重写,我们可以根据对象类型创建一个多态性质。静态方法与对象无关。因此java不支持静态方法重写。