INSERT INTO invoices (invoiceid, billed) (
    SELECT '12345','TRUE' WHERE NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 FROM invoices WHERE invoiceid='12345' AND billed='TRUE'
        )
)

获得最多赞的方法(来自John Doe)在某种程度上对我有用，但在我的情况下，从预期的422行中，我只得到180行。 我找不到任何错误，根本没有错误，所以我寻找一个不同的简单的方法。

在SELECT之后使用IF NOT FOUND THEN对我来说是完美的。

(在PostgreSQL文档中描述)

来自文档的例子:

SELECT * INTO myrec FROM emp WHERE empname = myname;
IF NOT FOUND THEN
  RAISE EXCEPTION 'employee % not found', myname;
END IF;

这是一个通用的python函数，给定表名，列和值，生成相当于postgresql的upsert。

进口json

def upsert(table_name, id_column, other_columns, values_hash):

    template = """
    WITH new_values ($$ALL_COLUMNS$$) as (
      values
         ($$VALUES_LIST$$)
    ),
    upsert as
    (
        update $$TABLE_NAME$$ m
            set
                $$SET_MAPPINGS$$
        FROM new_values nv
        WHERE m.$$ID_COLUMN$$ = nv.$$ID_COLUMN$$
        RETURNING m.*
    )
    INSERT INTO $$TABLE_NAME$$ ($$ALL_COLUMNS$$)
    SELECT $$ALL_COLUMNS$$
    FROM new_values
    WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1
                      FROM upsert up
                      WHERE up.$$ID_COLUMN$$ = new_values.$$ID_COLUMN$$)
    """

    all_columns = [id_column] + other_columns
    all_columns_csv = ",".join(all_columns)
    all_values_csv = ','.join([query_value(values_hash[column_name]) for column_name in all_columns])
    set_mappings = ",".join([ c+ " = nv." +c for c in other_columns])

    q = template
    q = q.replace("$$TABLE_NAME$$", table_name)
    q = q.replace("$$ID_COLUMN$$", id_column)
    q = q.replace("$$ALL_COLUMNS$$", all_columns_csv)
    q = q.replace("$$VALUES_LIST$$", all_values_csv)
    q = q.replace("$$SET_MAPPINGS$$", set_mappings)

    return q


def query_value(value):
    if value is None:
        return "NULL"
    if type(value) in [str, unicode]:
        return "'%s'" % value.replace("'", "''")
    if type(value) == dict:
        return "'%s'" % json.dumps(value).replace("'", "''")
    if type(value) == bool:
        return "%s" % value
    if type(value) == int:
        return "%s" % value
    return value


if __name__ == "__main__":

    my_table_name = 'mytable'
    my_id_column = 'id'
    my_other_columns = ['field1', 'field2']
    my_values_hash = {
        'id': 123,
        'field1': "john",
        'field2': "doe"
    }
    print upsert(my_table_name, my_id_column, my_other_columns, my_values_hash)

一种方法是创建一个不受约束(没有唯一索引)的表，将所有数据插入其中，并执行与插入到百位表不同的选择。

所以高水平。我假设在我的示例中所有三个列都是不同的，因此对于step3，将NOT EXITS连接更改为只连接100表中唯一的列。

Create temporary table. See docs here. CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_data(name, name_slug, status); INSERT Data into temp table. INSERT INTO temp_data(name, name_slug, status); Add any indexes to the temp table. Do main table insert. INSERT INTO hundred(name, name_slug, status) SELECT DISTINCT name, name_slug, status FROM hundred WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 'X' FROM temp_data WHERE temp_data.name = hundred.name AND temp_data.name_slug = hundred.name_slug AND temp_data.status = status );

有规则很简单:

CREATE RULE file_insert_defer AS ON INSERT TO file
WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM file WHERE file.id = new.id)) DO INSTEAD NOTHING

但是并发写失败了…

INSERT INTO invoices (invoiceid, billed) (
    SELECT '12345','TRUE' WHERE NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 FROM invoices WHERE invoiceid='12345' AND billed='TRUE'
        )
)