这是一个通用的python函数，给定表名，列和值，生成相当于postgresql的upsert。

进口json

def upsert(table_name, id_column, other_columns, values_hash):

    template = """
    WITH new_values ($$ALL_COLUMNS$$) as (
      values
         ($$VALUES_LIST$$)
    ),
    upsert as
    (
        update $$TABLE_NAME$$ m
            set
                $$SET_MAPPINGS$$
        FROM new_values nv
        WHERE m.$$ID_COLUMN$$ = nv.$$ID_COLUMN$$
        RETURNING m.*
    )
    INSERT INTO $$TABLE_NAME$$ ($$ALL_COLUMNS$$)
    SELECT $$ALL_COLUMNS$$
    FROM new_values
    WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1
                      FROM upsert up
                      WHERE up.$$ID_COLUMN$$ = new_values.$$ID_COLUMN$$)
    """

    all_columns = [id_column] + other_columns
    all_columns_csv = ",".join(all_columns)
    all_values_csv = ','.join([query_value(values_hash[column_name]) for column_name in all_columns])
    set_mappings = ",".join([ c+ " = nv." +c for c in other_columns])

    q = template
    q = q.replace("$$TABLE_NAME$$", table_name)
    q = q.replace("$$ID_COLUMN$$", id_column)
    q = q.replace("$$ALL_COLUMNS$$", all_columns_csv)
    q = q.replace("$$VALUES_LIST$$", all_values_csv)
    q = q.replace("$$SET_MAPPINGS$$", set_mappings)

    return q


def query_value(value):
    if value is None:
        return "NULL"
    if type(value) in [str, unicode]:
        return "'%s'" % value.replace("'", "''")
    if type(value) == dict:
        return "'%s'" % json.dumps(value).replace("'", "''")
    if type(value) == bool:
        return "%s" % value
    if type(value) == int:
        return "%s" % value
    return value


if __name__ == "__main__":

    my_table_name = 'mytable'
    my_id_column = 'id'
    my_other_columns = ['field1', 'field2']
    my_values_hash = {
        'id': 123,
        'field1': "john",
        'field2': "doe"
    }
    print upsert(my_table_name, my_id_column, my_other_columns, my_values_hash)

如果你说你的许多行是相同的，你将结束检查很多次。您可以发送它们，数据库将确定是否使用ON CONFLICT子句插入它，如下所示

  INSERT INTO Hundred (name,name_slug,status) VALUES ("sql_string += hundred  
  +",'" + hundred_slug + "', " + status + ") ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT
  hundred_pkey DO NOTHING;" cursor.execute(sql_string);

不幸的是，PostgreSQL既不支持MERGE也不支持ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE，所以你必须在两个语句中完成:

UPDATE  invoices
SET     billed = 'TRUE'
WHERE   invoices = '12345'

INSERT
INTO    invoices (invoiceid, billed)
SELECT  '12345', 'TRUE'
WHERE   '12345' NOT IN
        (
        SELECT  invoiceid
        FROM    invoices
        )

你可以把它包装成一个函数:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_upd_invoices(id VARCHAR(32), billed VARCHAR(32))
RETURNS VOID
AS
$$
        UPDATE  invoices
        SET     billed = $2
        WHERE   invoices = $1;

        INSERT
        INTO    invoices (invoiceid, billed)
        SELECT  $1, $2
        WHERE   $1 NOT IN
                (
                SELECT  invoiceid
                FROM    invoices
                );
$$
LANGUAGE 'sql';

就叫它:

SELECT  fn_upd_invoices('12345', 'TRUE')

Psycopgs游标类具有rowcount属性。

此只读属性指定最后的行数 execute*()产生的(对于像SELECT这样的DQL语句)或影响的(对于 DML语句，如UPDATE或INSERT)。

因此，您可以先尝试UPDATE，然后仅在rowcount为0时尝试INSERT。

但是根据数据库中的活动级别，您可能会在UPDATE和INSERT之间遇到竞争条件，其中另一个进程可能会在此期间创建该记录。

有规则很简单:

CREATE RULE file_insert_defer AS ON INSERT TO file
WHERE (EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM file WHERE file.id = new.id)) DO INSTEAD NOTHING

但是并发写失败了…

插入……“不存在的地方”是个好方法。而竞争条件可以通过事务“信封”来避免:

BEGIN;
LOCK TABLE hundred IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE;
INSERT ... ;
COMMIT;