我使用Python写postgres数据库:
sql_string = "INSERT INTO hundred (name,name_slug,status) VALUES ("
sql_string += hundred + ", '" + hundred_slug + "', " + status + ");"
cursor.execute(sql_string)
但由于我的一些行是相同的,我得到以下错误:
psycopg2.IntegrityError: duplicate key value
violates unique constraint "hundred_pkey"
我怎么能写一个'插入,除非这行已经存在' SQL语句?
我见过这样的复杂语句:
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM invoices WHERE invoiceid = '12345')
UPDATE invoices SET billed = 'TRUE' WHERE invoiceid = '12345'
ELSE
INSERT INTO invoices (invoiceid, billed) VALUES ('12345', 'TRUE')
END IF
但首先,这对我需要的东西来说是不是太过了,其次,我怎么能把它们作为一个简单的字符串来执行呢?
不幸的是,PostgreSQL既不支持MERGE也不支持ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,所以你必须在两个语句中完成:
UPDATE invoices
SET billed = 'TRUE'
WHERE invoices = '12345'
INSERT
INTO invoices (invoiceid, billed)
SELECT '12345', 'TRUE'
WHERE '12345' NOT IN
(
SELECT invoiceid
FROM invoices
)
你可以把它包装成一个函数:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_upd_invoices(id VARCHAR(32), billed VARCHAR(32))
RETURNS VOID
AS
$$
UPDATE invoices
SET billed = $2
WHERE invoices = $1;
INSERT
INTO invoices (invoiceid, billed)
SELECT $1, $2
WHERE $1 NOT IN
(
SELECT invoiceid
FROM invoices
);
$$
LANGUAGE 'sql';
就叫它:
SELECT fn_upd_invoices('12345', 'TRUE')
我知道这个问题是很久以前提出的,但我想这可能会对一些人有所帮助。我认为最简单的方法就是触发。例如:
Create Function ignore_dups() Returns Trigger
As $$
Begin
If Exists (
Select
*
From
hundred h
Where
-- Assuming all three fields are primary key
h.name = NEW.name
And h.hundred_slug = NEW.hundred_slug
And h.status = NEW.status
) Then
Return NULL;
End If;
Return NEW;
End;
$$ Language plpgsql;
Create Trigger ignore_dups
Before Insert On hundred
For Each Row
Execute Procedure ignore_dups();
从psql提示符(或者您喜欢的直接在数据库上执行查询的方式)执行这段代码。然后你可以像往常一样从Python中插入。例如:
sql = "Insert Into hundreds (name, name_slug, status) Values (%s, %s, %s)"
cursor.execute(sql, (hundred, hundred_slug, status))
注意,正如@Thomas_Wouters已经提到的,上面的代码利用了参数,而不是连接字符串。
一种方法是创建一个不受约束(没有唯一索引)的表,将所有数据插入其中,并执行与插入到百位表不同的选择。
所以高水平。我假设在我的示例中所有三个列都是不同的,因此对于step3,将NOT EXITS连接更改为只连接100表中唯一的列。
Create temporary table. See docs here.
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_data(name, name_slug, status);
INSERT Data into temp table.
INSERT INTO temp_data(name, name_slug, status);
Add any indexes to the temp table.
Do main table insert.
INSERT INTO hundred(name, name_slug, status)
SELECT DISTINCT name, name_slug, status
FROM hundred
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 'X'
FROM temp_data
WHERE
temp_data.name = hundred.name
AND temp_data.name_slug = hundred.name_slug
AND temp_data.status = status
);