我使用Python写postgres数据库:
sql_string = "INSERT INTO hundred (name,name_slug,status) VALUES ("
sql_string += hundred + ", '" + hundred_slug + "', " + status + ");"
cursor.execute(sql_string)
但由于我的一些行是相同的,我得到以下错误:
psycopg2.IntegrityError: duplicate key value
violates unique constraint "hundred_pkey"
我怎么能写一个'插入,除非这行已经存在' SQL语句?
我见过这样的复杂语句:
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM invoices WHERE invoiceid = '12345')
UPDATE invoices SET billed = 'TRUE' WHERE invoiceid = '12345'
ELSE
INSERT INTO invoices (invoiceid, billed) VALUES ('12345', 'TRUE')
END IF
但首先,这对我需要的东西来说是不是太过了,其次,我怎么能把它们作为一个简单的字符串来执行呢?
我怎么能写一个'插入,除非这行已经存在' SQL语句?
在PostgreSQL中有一个很好的方法来执行有条件的INSERT:
INSERT INTO example_table
(id, name)
SELECT 1, 'John'
WHERE
NOT EXISTS (
SELECT id FROM example_table WHERE id = 1
);
注意:对于并发写操作,这种方法不是100%可靠的。在NOT EXISTS反半连接中的SELECT和INSERT本身之间有一个非常小的竞争条件。在这种情况下,它可能会失败。
不幸的是,PostgreSQL既不支持MERGE也不支持ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,所以你必须在两个语句中完成:
UPDATE invoices
SET billed = 'TRUE'
WHERE invoices = '12345'
INSERT
INTO invoices (invoiceid, billed)
SELECT '12345', 'TRUE'
WHERE '12345' NOT IN
(
SELECT invoiceid
FROM invoices
)
你可以把它包装成一个函数:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_upd_invoices(id VARCHAR(32), billed VARCHAR(32))
RETURNS VOID
AS
$$
UPDATE invoices
SET billed = $2
WHERE invoices = $1;
INSERT
INTO invoices (invoiceid, billed)
SELECT $1, $2
WHERE $1 NOT IN
(
SELECT invoiceid
FROM invoices
);
$$
LANGUAGE 'sql';
就叫它:
SELECT fn_upd_invoices('12345', 'TRUE')