随着像jQuery这样的JavaScript框架使客户端web应用程序更丰富,功能更强大,我开始注意到一个问题…
你到底是怎么组织起来的?
把所有的处理程序放在一个地方,并为所有事件编写函数?
创建函数/类来包装您的所有功能?
疯狂地写作,只希望结果是最好的?
放弃,找一份新工作?
我提到了jQuery,但它实际上是一般的JavaScript代码。我发现,当一行一行开始堆积时,管理脚本文件或找到您要找的内容变得越来越困难。我发现的最大问题可能是,做同一件事有太多的方法,很难知道哪一种是目前普遍接受的最佳实践。
有什么通用的建议可以让你的.js文件像你的应用程序的其他部分一样漂亮整洁吗?或者这只是IDE的问题?还有更好的选择吗?
EDIT
这个问题主要是关于代码组织,而不是文件组织。有一些合并文件或拆分内容的好例子。
我的问题是:目前普遍接受的组织实际代码的最佳实践方式是什么?您的方法是什么,甚至推荐的方法是什么,以与页面元素交互并创建互不冲突的可重用代码?
有些人列出了名称空间,这是个好主意。还有什么其他方法,更具体地说,处理页面上的元素并保持代码的组织和整洁?
你可以使用jquery mx(在javascriptMVC中使用),这是一组允许你使用模型、视图和控制器的脚本。我曾在一个项目中使用它,并帮助我创建结构化javascript,由于压缩,脚本大小最小。以控制器为例:
$.Controller.extend('Todos',{
".todo mouseover" : function( el, ev ) {
el.css("backgroundColor","red")
},
".todo mouseout" : function( el, ev ) {
el.css("backgroundColor","")
},
".create click" : function() {
this.find("ol").append("<li class='todo'>New Todo</li>");
}
})
new Todos($('#todos'));
如果对视图和模型部分不感兴趣,也可以只使用querymx的控制器端。
"Write like crazy and just hope it works out for the best?", I've seen a project like this which was developed and maintained by just 2 developers, a huge application with lots of javascript code. On top of that there were different shortcuts for every possible jquery function you can think of. I suggested they organize the code as plugins, as that is the jquery equivalent of class, module, namespace... and the whole universe. But things got much worse, now they started writing plugins replacing every combination of 3 lines of code used in the project.
Personaly I think jQuery is the devil and it shouldn't be used on projects with lots of javascript because it encourages you to be lazy and not think of organizing code in any way. I'd rather read 100 lines of javascript than one line with 40 chained jQuery functions (I'm not kidding).
Contrary to popular belief it's very easy to organize javascript code in equivalents to namespaces and classes. That's what YUI and Dojo do. You can easily roll your own if you like. I find YUI's approach much better and efficient. But you usualy need a nice editor with support for snippets to compensate for YUI naming conventions if you want to write anything useful.