多态性是在给定类中使用对象的能力，其中组成对象的所有组件都由给定类的子类继承。这意味着一旦这个对象被一个类声明，它下面的所有子类(以及它们的子类，直到你到达最远/最低的子类)继承对象和它的组件(化妆)。

请记住，每个类必须保存在单独的文件中。

下面的代码演示了多态性:

超类:

public class Parent {
    //Define things that all classes share
    String maidenName;
    String familyTree;

    //Give the top class a default method
    public void speak(){
         System.out.println("We are all Parents");
    }
}

父类，一个子类:

public class Father extends Parent{
    //Can use maidenName and familyTree here
    String name="Joe";
    String called="dad";

    //Give the top class a default method
    public void speak(){
        System.out.println("I am "+name+", the father.");
    }
}

child，另一个子类:

public class Child extends Father {
    //Can use maidenName, familyTree, called and name here

    //Give the top class a default method
    public void speak(){
        System.out.println("Hi "+called+". What are we going to do today?");
    }
}

执行方法引用父类来启动:

public class Parenting{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Parent parents = new Parent();
        Parent parent = new Father();
        Parent child = new Child();

        parents.speak();
        parent.speak();
        child.speak();
    }
}

注意，每个类需要在单独的*.java文件中声明。 代码应该被编译。 还要注意，您可以继续使用maidenName和familyTree。 这就是多态性的概念。 这里还探讨了继承的概念，可以使用一个类，或者由子类进一步定义。

希望这能帮到你，让你明白。 当我找到一台我可以用来验证代码的计算机时，我会发布结果。谢谢您的耐心等待!

OOP中的多态性意味着一个类可以有不同的类型，继承是实现多态性的一种方式。

for example, Shape is an interface, it has Square, Circle, Diamond subtypes. now you have a Square object, you can upcasting Square to Shape automatically, because Square is a Shape. But when you try to downcasting Shape to Square, you must do explicit type casting, because you can't say Shape is Square, it could be Circle as well. so you need manually cast it with code like Square s = (Square)shape, what if the shape is Circle, you will get java.lang.ClassCastException, because Circle is not Square.

一般来说，它是一种使用相同或表面上相似的API来为许多不同类型的对象提供接口的能力。有多种形式:

Function overloading: defining multiple functions with the same name and different parameter types, such as sqrt(float), sqrt(double) and sqrt(complex). In most languages that allow this, the compiler will automatically select the correct one for the type of argument being passed into it, thus this is compile-time polymorphism. Virtual methods in OOP: a method of a class can have various implementations tailored to the specifics of its subclasses; each of these is said to override the implementation given in the base class. Given an object that may be of the base class or any of its subclasses, the correct implementation is selected on the fly, thus this is run-time polymorphism. Templates: a feature of some OO languages whereby a function, class, etc. can be parameterised by a type. For example, you can define a generic "list" template class, and then instantiate it as "list of integers", "list of strings", maybe even "list of lists of strings" or the like. Generally, you write the code once for a data structure of arbitrary element type, and the compiler generates versions of it for the various element types.

让我们打个比方。对于一个特定的音乐剧本，每个演奏它的音乐家都有自己的诠释。

音乐家可以用接口抽象，音乐家所属的流派可以是一个抽象类，它定义了一些全局解释规则，每个演奏的音乐家都可以用具体类建模。

如果你是音乐作品的听众，你可以参考剧本，例如巴赫的“富加与托卡塔”，每个演奏它的音乐家都以自己的方式多态地演奏。

这只是一个可能的设计示例(在Java中):

public interface Musician {
  public void play(Work work);
}

public interface Work {
  public String getScript();
}

public class FugaAndToccata implements Work {
  public String getScript() {
    return Bach.getFugaAndToccataScript();
  }
}

public class AnnHalloway implements Musician {
  public void play(Work work) {
    // plays in her own style, strict, disciplined
    String script = work.getScript()
  }
}

public class VictorBorga implements Musician {
  public void play(Work work) {
    // goofing while playing with superb style
    String script = work.getScript()
  }
}

public class Listener {
  public void main(String[] args) {
    Musician musician;
    if (args!=null && args.length > 0 && args[0].equals("C")) {
      musician = new AnnHalloway();
    } else {
      musician = new TerryGilliam();
    }
    musician.play(new FugaAndToccata());
}

多态性使您能够创建一个模块调用另一个模块，并且在编译时依赖于控制流而不是控制流。

通过使用多态性，高级模块不依赖于低级模块。两者都依赖于抽象。这有助于我们应用依赖倒置原则(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle)。

这就是我找到上面定义的地方。在视频中大约50分钟，教练解释了上述内容。 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE

多态性是程序员编写同名方法的能力，这些方法根据对象的需要，为不同类型的对象做不同的事情。例如，如果您正在开发一个名为Fraction的类和一个名为ComplexNumber的类，这两个类都可能包含一个名为display()的方法，但它们各自实现该方法的方式不同。例如，在PHP中，你可以这样实现它:

//  Class definitions

class Fraction
{
    public $numerator;
    public $denominator;

    public function __construct($n, $d)
    {
        //  In real life, you'd do some type checking, making sure $d != 0, etc.
        $this->numerator = $n;
        $this->denominator = $d;
    }

    public function display()
    {
        echo $this->numerator . '/' . $this->denominator;
    }
}

class ComplexNumber
{
    public $real;
    public $imaginary;

    public function __construct($a, $b)
    {
        $this->real = $a;
        $this->imaginary = $b;
    }

    public function display()
    {
        echo $this->real . '+' . $this->imaginary . 'i';
    }
}


//  Main program

$fraction = new Fraction(1, 2);
$complex = new ComplexNumber(1, 2);

echo 'This is a fraction: '
$fraction->display();
echo "\n";

echo 'This is a complex number: '
$complex->display();
echo "\n";

输出:

This is a fraction: 1/2
This is a complex number: 1 + 2i

其他一些答案似乎暗示多态性只与继承一起使用;例如，可能Fraction和ComplexNumber都实现了一个名为Number的抽象类，该类有一个方法display()， Fraction和ComplexNumber都必须实现这个方法。但是您不需要继承来利用多态性。

至少在动态类型语言如PHP(我不知道c++或Java)中，多态性允许开发人员调用方法，而不必事先知道对象的类型，并相信将调用方法的正确实现。例如，假设用户选择创建的数字类型:

$userNumberChoice = $_GET['userNumberChoice'];

switch ($userNumberChoice) {
    case 'fraction':
        $userNumber = new Fraction(1, 2);
        break;
    case 'complex':
        $userNumber = new ComplexNumber(1, 2);
        break;
}

echo "The user's number is: ";
$userNumber->display();
echo "\n";

在这种情况下，将调用适当的display()方法，尽管开发人员无法提前知道用户将选择分数还是复数。