另一个可能的解决方案是使用numpy广播:

df1[np.all(~np.all(df1.values == df2.values[:, None], axis=2), axis=0)]

输出:

    Name  Age
1   Mike   45
4  Marry   27
7   Bolt   39

我发现deepdiff库是一个很棒的工具，如果需要不同的细节或排序问题，它也可以很好地扩展到数据框架。你可以尝试不同的to_dict('records')， to_numpy()和其他导出:

import pandas as pd
from deepdiff import DeepDiff

df1 = pd.DataFrame({
    'Name':
        ['John','Mike','Smith','Wale','Marry','Tom','Menda','Bolt','Yuswa'],
    'Age':
        [23,45,12,34,27,44,28,39,40]
})

df2 = df1[df1.Name.isin(['John','Smith','Wale','Tom','Menda','Yuswa'])]

DeepDiff(df1.to_dict(), df2.to_dict())
# {'dictionary_item_removed': [root['Name'][1], root['Name'][4], root['Name'][7], root['Age'][1], root['Age'][4], root['Age'][7]]}

pandas DataFrame.compare中有一种新的方法，即比较2个不同的dataframe，并返回数据记录中每列中变化的值。

例子

第一个Dataframe

Id Customer Status      Date
1      ABC   Good  Mar 2023
2      BAC   Good  Feb 2024
3      CBA    Bad  Apr 2022

第二个Dataframe

Id Customer Status      Date
1      ABC    Bad  Mar 2023
2      BAC   Good  Feb 2024
5      CBA   Good  Apr 2024

比较Dataframes

print("Dataframe difference -- \n")
print(df1.compare(df2))

print("Dataframe difference keeping equal values -- \n")
print(df1.compare(df2, keep_equal=True))

print("Dataframe difference keeping same shape -- \n")
print(df1.compare(df2, keep_shape=True))

print("Dataframe difference keeping same shape and equal values -- \n")
print(df1.compare(df2, keep_shape=True, keep_equal=True))

结果

Dataframe difference -- 

    Id       Status            Date          
  self other   self other      self     other
0  NaN   NaN   Good   Bad       NaN       NaN
2  3.0   5.0    Bad  Good  Apr 2022  Apr 2024

Dataframe difference keeping equal values -- 

    Id       Status            Date          
  self other   self other      self     other
0    1     1   Good   Bad  Mar 2023  Mar 2023
2    3     5    Bad  Good  Apr 2022  Apr 2024

Dataframe difference keeping same shape -- 

    Id       Customer       Status            Date          
  self other     self other   self other      self     other
0  NaN   NaN      NaN   NaN   Good   Bad       NaN       NaN
1  NaN   NaN      NaN   NaN    NaN   NaN       NaN       NaN
2  3.0   5.0      NaN   NaN    Bad  Good  Apr 2022  Apr 2024

Dataframe difference keeping same shape and equal values -- 

    Id       Customer       Status            Date          
  self other     self other   self other      self     other
0    1     1      ABC   ABC   Good   Bad  Mar 2023  Mar 2023
1    2     2      BAC   BAC   Good  Good  Feb 2024  Feb 2024
2    3     5      CBA   CBA    Bad  Good  Apr 2022  Apr 2024

对于行，尝试这样做，其中Name是联合索引列(可以是多个公共列的列表，或者指定left_on和right_on):

m = df1.merge(df2, on='Name', how='outer', suffixes=['', '_'], indicator=True)

indicator=True设置很有用，因为它添加了一个名为_merge的列，其中包含df1和df2之间的所有更改，分为3种可能的类型:“left_only”，“right_only”或“both”。

对于列，试试这个:

set(df1.columns).symmetric_difference(df2.columns)

也许是一个简单的单行程序，具有相同或不同的列名。即使df2['Name2']包含重复的值也能正常工作。

newDf = df1.set_index('Name1')
           .drop(df2['Name2'], errors='ignore')
           .reset_index(drop=False)

我在处理副本时遇到了问题，当一边有副本，另一边至少有一个副本时，所以我使用了Counter。集合做一个更好的差异，确保双方有相同的计数。这不会返回副本，但如果双方有相同的计数，则不会返回任何副本。

from collections import Counter

def diff(df1, df2, on=None):
    """
    :param on: same as pandas.df.merge(on) (a list of columns)
    """
    on = on if on else df1.columns
    df1on = df1[on]
    df2on = df2[on]
    c1 = Counter(df1on.apply(tuple, 'columns'))
    c2 = Counter(df2on.apply(tuple, 'columns'))
    c1c2 = c1-c2
    c2c1 = c2-c1
    df1ondf2on = pd.DataFrame(list(c1c2.elements()), columns=on)
    df2ondf1on = pd.DataFrame(list(c2c1.elements()), columns=on)
    df1df2 = df1.merge(df1ondf2on).drop_duplicates(subset=on)
    df2df1 = df2.merge(df2ondf1on).drop_duplicates(subset=on)
    return pd.concat([df1df2, df2df1])

> df1 = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 1, 3, 4, 4]})
> df2 = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3, 4, 4]})
> diff(df1, df2)
   a
0  1
0  2