我知道这是一个已经有很多答案的老问题，但我仍然花了很多时间去做我想做的事情:

给定一个HTML文件，从命令行生成一个带有透明背景的(png)图像

使用Chrome headless (version 74.0.3729.157)，实际上很容易:

"/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome" --headless --screenshot --window-size=256,256 --default-background-color=0 button.html

命令使用说明:

you run Chrome from the command line (here shown for the Mac, but assuming similar on Windows or Linux) --headless runs Chrome without opening it and exits after the command completes --screenshot will capture a screenshot (note that it generates a file called screenshot.png in the folder where the command is run) --window-size allow to only capture a portion of the screen (format is --window-size=width,height) --default-background-color=0 is the magic trick that tells Chrome to use a transparent background, not the default white color finally you provide the html file (as a url either local or remote...)

使用剧作家的page.screen()可以非常容易地截取屏幕截图。例如使用Python(但它也适用于Node.js, Java和.NET):

from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async with async_playwright() as p:
     browser = await p.chromium.launch()
     page = await browser.new_page()
     await page.goto('https://google.com')
     await page.screenshot(path=f'screenshot.png')
     await browser.close()

我读了Sjeiti的答案，我觉得很有趣，在那里你只需要几行简单的JavaScript就可以在图像中呈现HTML。

当然，我们必须意识到这种方法的局限性(请在他的回答中阅读其中的一些)。

在这里，我进一步使用了他的代码。

svg图像原则上具有无限分辨率，因为它是矢量图形。但您可能已经注意到，Sjeiti的代码生成的图像分辨率并不高。在将SVG-image转移到canvas-element之前，可以通过缩放SVG-image来解决这个问题，我在下面给出的两个(可运行的)示例代码中的最后一个代码中已经做到了这一点。我在该代码中实现的另一件事是最后一步，即将其保存为png文件。只是为了完成整个过程。

因此，我给出了两个可运行的代码片段:

第一个演示了SVG的无限分辨率。运行它并使用浏览器放大，以查看分辨率是否随着放大而减小。

在您可以运行的代码片段中，我已经使用反勾号指定了一个带有换行符的所谓模板字符串，以便您可以更清楚地看到呈现的HTML。但是，如果HTML在一行之内，那么代码就会非常短，就像这样。

const body = document.getElementsByTagName('BODY')[0];
const img = document.createElement('img')
img.src = 'data:image/svg+xml,' + encodeURIComponent(`<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="200" height="200"><foreignObject width="100%" height="100%"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="border:1px solid red;padding:20px;"><style>em {color:red;}.test {color:blue;}</style>What you see here is only an image, nothing else.<br /><br /><em>I</em> really like <span class="test">cheese.</span><br /><br />Zoom in to check the resolution!</div></foreignObject></svg>`);        
body.appendChild(img);

这里是一个可运行的代码片段。

const body = document.getElementsByTagName('BODY')[0]; const img = document.createElement('img') img.src = 'data:image/svg+xml,' + encodeURIComponent(` <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="200" height="200"> <foreignObject width="100%" height="100%"> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="border:1px solid red;padding:20px;"> <style> em { color:red; } .test { color:blue; } </style> What you see here is only an image, nothing else.<br /> <br /> <em>I</em> really like <span class="test">cheese.</span><br /> <br /> Zoom in to check the resolution! </div> </foreignObject> </svg> `); body.appendChild(img);

放大并检查SVG的无限分辨率。

下面的下一个可运行文件实现了我上面提到的两个额外步骤，即通过缩放SVG来提高分辨率，然后将其保存为png图像。

window.addEventListener("load", doit, false) var canvas; var ctx; var tempImg; function doit() { const body = document.getElementsByTagName('BODY')[0]; const scale = document.getElementById('scale').value; let trans = document.getElementById('trans').checked; if (trans) { trans = ''; } else { trans = 'background-color:white;'; } let source = ` <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="border:1px solid red;padding:20px;${trans}"> <style> em { color:red; } .test { color:blue; } </style> What you see here is only an image, nothing else.<br /> <br /> <em>I</em> really like <span class="test">cheese.</span><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align:center;"> Scaling: <br /> ${scale} times! </div> </div>` document.getElementById('source').innerHTML = source; canvas = document.createElement('canvas'); ctx = canvas.getContext('2d'); canvas.width = 200*scale; canvas.height = 200*scale; tempImg = document.createElement('img'); tempImg.src = 'data:image/svg+xml,' + encodeURIComponent(` <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="${200*scale}" height="${200*scale}"> <foreignObject style=" width:200px; height:200px; transform:scale(${scale}); " >` + source + ` </foreignObject> </svg> `); } function saveAsPng(){ ctx.drawImage(tempImg, 0, 0); var a = document.createElement('a'); a.href = canvas.toDataURL('image/png'); a.download = 'image.png'; a.click(); } <table border="0"> <tr> <td colspan="2"> The claims in the HTML-text is only true for the image created when you click the button. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="250"> <div id="source" style="width:200px;height:200px;"> </div> </td> <td valign="top"> <div> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In this example the PNG-image will be squarish even if the HTML here on the left is not exactly squarish. That can be fixed.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To increase the resolution of the image you can change the scaling with this slider. <div style="text-align:right;margin:5px 0px;"> <label style="background-color:#FDD;border:1px solid #F77;padding:0px 10px;"><input id="trans" type="checkbox" onchange="doit();" />&nbsp;&nbsp;Make it transparent</label> </div> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1<input id="scale" type="range" min="1" max="10" step="0.25" value="2" oninput="doit();" style="width:150px;vertical-align:-8px;" />10&nbsp;&nbsp;<button onclick="saveAsPng();">Save as PNG-image</button></span> </div> </td> </tr> </table>

尝试不同的比例。例如，如果您将缩放设置为10，那么您将在生成的png图像中获得非常好的分辨率。我还添加了一个额外的功能:一个复选框，这样你就可以使png图像透明。

注意:

当这个脚本在Stack Overflow运行时，保存按钮在Chrome和Edge中不工作。原因是https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5706745674465280。

因此，我也把这个片段放在https://jsfiddle.net/7gozdq5v/上，它适用于这些浏览器。

仅用JavaScript无法100%准确地做到这一点。

有一个Qt Webkit工具，还有一个python版本。如果你想自己做，我已经成功地用可可:

[self startTraverse:pagesArray performBlock:^(int collectionIndex, int pageIndex) {

    NSString *locale = [self selectedLocale];

    NSRect offscreenRect = NSMakeRect(0.0, 0.0, webView.frame.size.width, webView.frame.size.height);
    NSBitmapImageRep* offscreenRep = nil;      

    offscreenRep = [[NSBitmapImageRep alloc] initWithBitmapDataPlanes:nil
                                             pixelsWide:offscreenRect.size.width
                                             pixelsHigh:offscreenRect.size.height
                                             bitsPerSample:8
                                             samplesPerPixel:4
                                             hasAlpha:YES
                                             isPlanar:NO
                                             colorSpaceName:NSCalibratedRGBColorSpace
                                             bitmapFormat:0
                                             bytesPerRow:(4 * offscreenRect.size.width)
                                             bitsPerPixel:32];

    [NSGraphicsContext saveGraphicsState];

    NSGraphicsContext *bitmapContext = [NSGraphicsContext graphicsContextWithBitmapImageRep:offscreenRep];
    [NSGraphicsContext setCurrentContext:bitmapContext];
    [webView displayRectIgnoringOpacity:offscreenRect inContext:bitmapContext];
    [NSGraphicsContext restoreGraphicsState];

    // Create a small + large thumbs
    NSImage *smallThumbImage = [[NSImage alloc] initWithSize:thumbSizeSmall];  
    NSImage *largeThumbImage = [[NSImage alloc] initWithSize:thumbSizeLarge];

    [smallThumbImage lockFocus];
    [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] setImageInterpolation:NSImageInterpolationHigh];  
    [offscreenRep drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, thumbSizeSmall.width, thumbSizeSmall.height)];  
    NSBitmapImageRep *smallThumbOutput = [[NSBitmapImageRep alloc] initWithFocusedViewRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, thumbSizeSmall.width, thumbSizeSmall.height)];  
    [smallThumbImage unlockFocus];  

    [largeThumbImage lockFocus];  
    [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] setImageInterpolation:NSImageInterpolationHigh];  
    [offscreenRep drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, thumbSizeLarge.width, thumbSizeLarge.height)];  
    NSBitmapImageRep *largeThumbOutput = [[NSBitmapImageRep alloc] initWithFocusedViewRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, thumbSizeLarge.width, thumbSizeLarge.height)];  
    [largeThumbImage unlockFocus];  

    // Write out small
    NSString *writePathSmall = [issueProvider.imageDestinationPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"/%@-collection-%03d-page-%03d_small.png", locale, collectionIndex, pageIndex]];
    NSData *dataSmall = [smallThumbOutput representationUsingType:NSPNGFileType properties: nil];
    [dataSmall writeToFile:writePathSmall atomically: NO];

    // Write out lage
    NSString *writePathLarge = [issueProvider.imageDestinationPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"/%@-collection-%03d-page-%03d_large.png", locale, collectionIndex, pageIndex]];
    NSData *dataLarge = [largeThumbOutput representationUsingType:NSPNGFileType properties: nil];
    [dataLarge writeToFile:writePathLarge atomically: NO];
}];

希望这能有所帮助!

我推荐这个npm包“html-to-image”

描述: ✂️使用HTML5画布和SVG从DOM节点生成图像。

使用方法:

安装

npm install --save html-to-image

使用

/* ES6 */
import * as htmlToImage from 'html-to-image';
import { toPng, toJpeg, toBlob, toPixelData, toSvg } from 'html-to-image';

获取一个PNG图像base64编码的数据URL并下载它(使用download):

htmlToImage.toPng(document.getElementById('my-node'))
  .then(function (dataUrl) {
    download(dataUrl, 'my-node.png');
  });

安装幻影

$ npm install phantomjs

用以下代码创建一个文件github.js

var page = require('webpage').create();
//viewportSize being the actual size of the headless browser
page.viewportSize = { width: 1024, height: 768 };
page.open('http://github.com/', function() {
    page.render('github.png');
    phantom.exit();
});

将文件作为参数传递给phantomjs

$ phantomjs github.js