我知道已经太迟了，但我认为这里有更清晰的解决方案，更易于阅读……

/**
 * method converts {@link InputStream} Object into byte[] array.
 * 
 * @param stream the {@link InputStream} Object.
 * @return the byte[] array representation of received {@link InputStream} Object.
 * @throws IOException if an error occurs.
 */
public static byte[] streamToByteArray(InputStream stream) throws IOException {

    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

    int line = 0;
    // read bytes from stream, and store them in buffer
    while ((line = stream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        // Writes bytes from byte array (buffer) into output stream.
        os.write(buffer, 0, line);
    }
    stream.close();
    os.flush();
    os.close();
    return os.toByteArray();
}

下面的代码

public static byte[] serializeObj(Object obj) throws IOException {
  ByteArrayOutputStream baOStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  ObjectOutputStream objOStream = new ObjectOutputStream(baOStream);

  objOStream.writeObject(obj); 
  objOStream.flush();
  objOStream.close();
  return baOStream.toByteArray(); 
} 

OR

BufferedImage img = ...
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1000);
ImageIO.write(img, "jpeg", baos);
baos.flush();
byte[] result = baos.toByteArray();
baos.close();

你真的需要图像作为字节[]吗?你在字节[]中到底期望什么-图像文件的完整内容，以图像文件的任何格式编码，或RGB像素值?

这里的其他答案向您展示了如何将文件读入字节[]。您的字节[]将包含文件的确切内容，并且您需要对其进行解码才能对图像数据进行处理。

用于读取(和写入)图像的Java标准API是ImageIO API，您可以在javax.imageio包中找到它。你可以用一行代码从文件中读入一张图片:

BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File("image.jpg"));

这将给您一个BufferedImage，而不是一个字节[]。要获取图像数据，可以在BufferedImage上调用getRaster()。这将为您提供一个光栅对象，该对象具有访问像素数据的方法(它有几个getPixel() / getPixels()方法)。

查找javax.imageio的API文档。ImageIO java.awt.image。BufferedImage, java。awt。image。raster等等。

ImageIO默认支持多种图像格式:JPEG, PNG, BMP, WBMP和GIF。可以添加对更多格式的支持(您需要一个实现ImageIO服务提供程序接口的插件)。

另请参阅下面的教程:使用图像

Kotlin中的解决方案(当然也可以在Java中工作)，其中包括当你知道大小时的两种情况:

    fun InputStream.readBytesWithSize(size: Long): ByteArray? {
        return when {
            size < 0L -> this.readBytes()
            size == 0L -> ByteArray(0)
            size > Int.MAX_VALUE -> null
            else -> {
                val sizeInt = size.toInt()
                val result = ByteArray(sizeInt)
                readBytesIntoByteArray(result, sizeInt)
                result
            }
        }
    }

    fun InputStream.readBytesIntoByteArray(byteArray: ByteArray,bytesToRead:Int=byteArray.size) {
        var offset = 0
        while (true) {
            val read = this.read(byteArray, offset, bytesToRead - offset)
            if (read == -1)
                break
            offset += read
            if (offset >= bytesToRead)
                break
        }
    }

如果您知道大小，那么与其他解决方案相比，它可以节省两倍的内存(在很短的时间内，但仍然可能有用)。这是因为您必须将整个流读到末尾，然后将其转换为字节数组(类似于将数组转换为数组的ArrayList)。

例如，如果你在Android上，你有一些Uri要处理，你可以尝试用这个来获取大小:

    fun getStreamLengthFromUri(context: Context, uri: Uri): Long {
        context.contentResolver.query(uri, arrayOf(MediaStore.MediaColumns.SIZE), null, null, null)?.use {
            if (!it.moveToNext())
                return@use
            val fileSize = it.getLong(it.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.MediaColumns.SIZE))
            if (fileSize > 0)
                return fileSize
        }
        //if you wish, you can also get the file-path from the uri here, and then try to get its size, using this: https://stackoverflow.com/a/61835665/878126
        FileUtilEx.getFilePathFromUri(context, uri, false)?.use {
            val file = it.file
            val fileSize = file.length()
            if (fileSize > 0)
                return fileSize
        }
        context.contentResolver.openInputStream(uri)?.use { inputStream ->
            if (inputStream is FileInputStream)
                return inputStream.channel.size()
            else {
                var bytesCount = 0L
                while (true) {
                    val available = inputStream.available()
                    if (available == 0)
                        break
                    val skip = inputStream.skip(available.toLong())
                    if (skip < 0)
                        break
                    bytesCount += skip
                }
                if (bytesCount > 0L)
                    return bytesCount
            }
        }
        return -1L
    }

/*InputStream class_InputStream = null;
I am reading class from DB 
class_InputStream = rs.getBinaryStream(1);
Your Input stream could be from any source
*/
int thisLine;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while ((thisLine = class_InputStream.read()) != -1) {
    bos.write(thisLine);
}
bos.flush();
byte [] yourBytes = bos.toByteArray();

/*Don't forget in the finally block to close ByteArrayOutputStream & InputStream
 In my case the IS is from resultset so just closing the rs will do it*/

if (bos != null){
    bos.close();
}

另一种情况是在发送请求到服务器并等待响应后，通过流获得正确的字节数组。

/**
         * Begin setup TCP connection to PC app
         * to open integrate connection between mobile app and pc app (or mobile app)
         */
        mSocket = new Socket(IP, port);
       // mSocket.setSoTimeout(30000);

        DataOutputStream mDos = new DataOutputStream(mSocket.getOutputStream());

        String str = "MobileRequest#" + params[0] + "#<EOF>";

        mDos.write(str.getBytes());

        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        /* Since data are accepted as byte, all of them will be collected in the
        following byte array which initialised with accepted data length. */
        DataInputStream mDis = new DataInputStream(mSocket.getInputStream());
        byte[] data = new byte[mDis.available()];

        // Collecting data into byte array
        for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
            data[i] = mDis.readByte();

        // Converting collected data in byte array into String.
        String RESPONSE = new String(data);