在解析字符串之前,如何检查它是否是一个数字?
当前回答
正如@CraigTP在他的精彩回答中提到的,我也有类似的性能问题,使用exception来测试字符串是否是数值。因此,我最终分割字符串并使用java.lang.Character.isDigit()。
public static boolean isNumeric(String str)
{
for (char c : str.toCharArray())
{
if (!Character.isDigit(c)) return false;
}
return true;
}
根据Javadoc, Character.isDigit(char)将正确识别非拉丁数字。在性能方面,我认为简单的N次比较(其中N是字符串中的字符数)在计算上比正则表达式匹配更有效。
更新:正如Jean-François Corbett在评论中指出的那样,上面的代码只验证正整数,这涵盖了我的大部分用例。下面是更新后的代码,它根据系统中使用的默认区域设置正确验证十进制数,假设十进制分隔符只在字符串中出现一次。
public static boolean isStringNumeric( String str )
{
DecimalFormatSymbols currentLocaleSymbols = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance();
char localeMinusSign = currentLocaleSymbols.getMinusSign();
if ( !Character.isDigit( str.charAt( 0 ) ) && str.charAt( 0 ) != localeMinusSign ) return false;
boolean isDecimalSeparatorFound = false;
char localeDecimalSeparator = currentLocaleSymbols.getDecimalSeparator();
for ( char c : str.substring( 1 ).toCharArray() )
{
if ( !Character.isDigit( c ) )
{
if ( c == localeDecimalSeparator && !isDecimalSeparatorFound )
{
isDecimalSeparatorFound = true;
continue;
}
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
其他回答
谷歌的Guava库提供了一个很好的辅助方法:你可以像使用Integer一样使用它。parseInt,但如果字符串没有解析为有效整数,它将返回null而不是抛出异常。注意,它返回的是Integer,而不是int,所以你必须将它转换/自动装箱回int。
例子:
String s1 = "22";
String s2 = "22.2";
Integer oInt1 = Ints.tryParse(s1);
Integer oInt2 = Ints.tryParse(s2);
int i1 = -1;
if (oInt1 != null) {
i1 = oInt1.intValue();
}
int i2 = -1;
if (oInt2 != null) {
i2 = oInt2.intValue();
}
System.out.println(i1); // prints 22
System.out.println(i2); // prints -1
但是,在当前发行版(Guava r11)中,它仍然被标记为@Beta。
我还没有对它进行基准测试。查看源代码,有一些开销来自大量的完整性检查,但最终他们使用Character.digit(string.charAt(idx)),类似,但略有不同,从@Ibrahim上面的答案。在它们的实现中没有异常处理开销。
这是我对这个问题的回答。
一个方便的方法,你可以使用任何类型的解析器来解析任何字符串:isParsable(对象解析器,字符串str)。解析器可以是Class或对象。这也将允许你使用你写的自定义解析器,应该适用于任何场景,例如:
isParsable(Integer.class, "11");
isParsable(Double.class, "11.11");
Object dateFormater = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss z");
isParsable(dateFormater, "2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT");
下面是我的代码和方法描述。
import java.lang.reflect.*;
/**
* METHOD: isParsable<p><p>
*
* This method will look through the methods of the specified <code>from</code> parameter
* looking for a public method name starting with "parse" which has only one String
* parameter.<p>
*
* The <code>parser</code> parameter can be a class or an instantiated object, eg:
* <code>Integer.class</code> or <code>new Integer(1)</code>. If you use a
* <code>Class</code> type then only static methods are considered.<p>
*
* When looping through potential methods, it first looks at the <code>Class</code> associated
* with the <code>parser</code> parameter, then looks through the methods of the parent's class
* followed by subsequent ancestors, using the first method that matches the criteria specified
* above.<p>
*
* This method will hide any normal parse exceptions, but throws any exceptions due to
* programmatic errors, eg: NullPointerExceptions, etc. If you specify a <code>parser</code>
* parameter which has no matching parse methods, a NoSuchMethodException will be thrown
* embedded within a RuntimeException.<p><p>
*
* Example:<br>
* <code>isParsable(Boolean.class, "true");<br>
* isParsable(Integer.class, "11");<br>
* isParsable(Double.class, "11.11");<br>
* Object dateFormater = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss z");<br>
* isParsable(dateFormater, "2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT");<br></code>
* <p>
*
* @param parser The Class type or instantiated Object to find a parse method in.
* @param str The String you want to parse
*
* @return true if a parse method was found and completed without exception
* @throws java.lang.NoSuchMethodException If no such method is accessible
*/
public static boolean isParsable(Object parser, String str) {
Class theClass = (parser instanceof Class? (Class)parser: parser.getClass());
boolean staticOnly = (parser == theClass), foundAtLeastOne = false;
Method[] methods = theClass.getMethods();
// Loop over methods
for (int index = 0; index < methods.length; index++) {
Method method = methods[index];
// If method starts with parse, is public and has one String parameter.
// If the parser parameter was a Class, then also ensure the method is static.
if(method.getName().startsWith("parse") &&
(!staticOnly || Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) &&
Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers()) &&
method.getGenericParameterTypes().length == 1 &&
method.getGenericParameterTypes()[0] == String.class)
{
try {
foundAtLeastOne = true;
method.invoke(parser, str);
return true; // Successfully parsed without exception
} catch (Exception exception) {
// If invoke problem, try a different method
/*if(!(exception instanceof IllegalArgumentException) &&
!(exception instanceof IllegalAccessException) &&
!(exception instanceof InvocationTargetException))
continue; // Look for other parse methods*/
// Parse method refuses to parse, look for another different method
continue; // Look for other parse methods
}
}
}
// No more accessible parse method could be found.
if(foundAtLeastOne) return false;
else throw new RuntimeException(new NoSuchMethodException());
}
/**
* METHOD: willParse<p><p>
*
* A convienence method which calls the isParseable method, but does not throw any exceptions
* which could be thrown through programatic errors.<p>
*
* Use of {@link #isParseable(Object, String) isParseable} is recommended for use so programatic
* errors can be caught in development, unless the value of the <code>parser</code> parameter is
* unpredictable, or normal programtic exceptions should be ignored.<p>
*
* See {@link #isParseable(Object, String) isParseable} for full description of method
* usability.<p>
*
* @param parser The Class type or instantiated Object to find a parse method in.
* @param str The String you want to parse
*
* @return true if a parse method was found and completed without exception
* @see #isParseable(Object, String) for full description of method usability
*/
public static boolean willParse(Object parser, String str) {
try {
return isParsable(parser, str);
} catch(Throwable exception) {
return false;
}
}
这是一个简单的检查示例:
public static boolean isNumericString(String input) {
boolean result = false;
if(input != null && input.length() > 0) {
char[] charArray = input.toCharArray();
for(char c : charArray) {
if(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
// it is a digit
result = true;
} else {
result = false;
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}
public static boolean isNumeric(String str)
{
return str.matches("-?\\d+(.\\d+)?");
}
CraigTP的正则表达式(如上所示)会产生一些误报。如。"23y4"将被算作一个数字,因为'。'匹配任何字符,而不是小数点。
此外,它将拒绝任何以“+”开头的数字
避免这两个小问题的替代方法是
public static boolean isNumeric(String str)
{
return str.matches("[+-]?\\d*(\\.\\d+)?");
}
这里有两种可能有效的方法。(不使用异常)。 注意:Java默认是值传递,String的值是String对象数据的地址。 所以,当你在做
stringNumber = stringNumber.replaceAll(" ", "");
您已将输入值更改为没有空格。 如果你愿意,可以去掉这条线。
private boolean isValidStringNumber(String stringNumber)
{
if(stringNumber.isEmpty())
{
return false;
}
stringNumber = stringNumber.replaceAll(" ", "");
char [] charNumber = stringNumber.toCharArray();
for(int i =0 ; i<charNumber.length ;i++)
{
if(!Character.isDigit(charNumber[i]))
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
这里是另一个方法,以防你想允许浮动 据称,这种方法允许表单中的数字通过 1123123123123123年.123 我刚做好,我想还需要进一步测试以确保它能正常工作。
private boolean isValidStringTrueNumber(String stringNumber)
{
if(stringNumber.isEmpty())
{
return false;
}
stringNumber = stringNumber.replaceAll(" ", "");
int countOfDecimalPoint = 0;
boolean decimalPointPassed = false;
boolean commaFound = false;
int countOfDigitsBeforeDecimalPoint = 0;
int countOfDigitsAfterDecimalPoint =0 ;
int commaCounter=0;
int countOfDigitsBeforeFirstComma = 0;
char [] charNumber = stringNumber.toCharArray();
for(int i =0 ; i<charNumber.length ;i++)
{
if((commaCounter>3)||(commaCounter<0))
{
return false;
}
if(!Character.isDigit(charNumber[i]))//Char is not a digit.
{
if(charNumber[i]==',')
{
if(decimalPointPassed)
{
return false;
}
commaFound = true;
//check that next three chars are only digits.
commaCounter +=3;
}
else if(charNumber[i]=='.')
{
decimalPointPassed = true;
countOfDecimalPoint++;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
else //Char is a digit.
{
if ((commaCounter>=0)&&(commaFound))
{
if(!decimalPointPassed)
{
commaCounter--;
}
}
if(!commaFound)
{
countOfDigitsBeforeFirstComma++;
}
if(!decimalPointPassed)
{
countOfDigitsBeforeDecimalPoint++;
}
else
{
countOfDigitsAfterDecimalPoint++;
}
}
}
if((commaFound)&&(countOfDigitsBeforeFirstComma>3))
{
return false;
}
if(countOfDecimalPoint>1)
{
return false;
}
if((decimalPointPassed)&&((countOfDigitsBeforeDecimalPoint==0)||(countOfDigitsAfterDecimalPoint==0)))
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
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