在解析字符串之前,如何检查它是否是一个数字?
当前回答
下面是用于检查字符串是否为数字的类。它还修复数值字符串:
特点:
删除不必要的零["12.0000000" -> "12"] 删除不必要的零["12.0580000" -> "12.058"] 删除非数字字符["12.00sdfsdf00" -> "12"] 处理负字符串值["-12,020000" -> "-12.02"] 删除多个点["-12.0.20.000" -> "-12.02"] 没有额外的库,只有标准Java
给你…
public class NumUtils {
/**
* Transforms a string to an integer. If no numerical chars returns a String "0".
*
* @param str
* @return retStr
*/
static String makeToInteger(String str) {
String s = str;
double d;
d = Double.parseDouble(makeToDouble(s));
int i = (int) (d + 0.5D);
String retStr = String.valueOf(i);
System.out.printf(retStr + " ");
return retStr;
}
/**
* Transforms a string to an double. If no numerical chars returns a String "0".
*
* @param str
* @return retStr
*/
static String makeToDouble(String str) {
Boolean dotWasFound = false;
String orgStr = str;
String retStr;
int firstDotPos = 0;
Boolean negative = false;
//check if str is null
if(str.length()==0){
str="0";
}
//check if first sign is "-"
if (str.charAt(0) == '-') {
negative = true;
}
//check if str containg any number or else set the string to '0'
if (!str.matches(".*\\d+.*")) {
str = "0";
}
//Replace ',' with '.' (for some european users who use the ',' as decimal separator)
str = str.replaceAll(",", ".");
str = str.replaceAll("[^\\d.]", "");
//Removes the any second dots
for (int i_char = 0; i_char < str.length(); i_char++) {
if (str.charAt(i_char) == '.') {
dotWasFound = true;
firstDotPos = i_char;
break;
}
}
if (dotWasFound) {
String befDot = str.substring(0, firstDotPos + 1);
String aftDot = str.substring(firstDotPos + 1, str.length());
aftDot = aftDot.replaceAll("\\.", "");
str = befDot + aftDot;
}
//Removes zeros from the begining
double uglyMethod = Double.parseDouble(str);
str = String.valueOf(uglyMethod);
//Removes the .0
str = str.replaceAll("([0-9])\\.0+([^0-9]|$)", "$1$2");
retStr = str;
if (negative) {
retStr = "-"+retStr;
}
return retStr;
}
static boolean isNumeric(String str) {
try {
double d = Double.parseDouble(str);
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
其他回答
谷歌的Guava库提供了一个很好的辅助方法:你可以像使用Integer一样使用它。parseInt,但如果字符串没有解析为有效整数,它将返回null而不是抛出异常。注意,它返回的是Integer,而不是int,所以你必须将它转换/自动装箱回int。
例子:
String s1 = "22";
String s2 = "22.2";
Integer oInt1 = Ints.tryParse(s1);
Integer oInt2 = Ints.tryParse(s2);
int i1 = -1;
if (oInt1 != null) {
i1 = oInt1.intValue();
}
int i2 = -1;
if (oInt2 != null) {
i2 = oInt2.intValue();
}
System.out.println(i1); // prints 22
System.out.println(i2); // prints -1
但是,在当前发行版(Guava r11)中,它仍然被标记为@Beta。
我还没有对它进行基准测试。查看源代码,有一些开销来自大量的完整性检查,但最终他们使用Character.digit(string.charAt(idx)),类似,但略有不同,从@Ibrahim上面的答案。在它们的实现中没有异常处理开销。
在Apache Commons Lang 3.5及以上版本中:NumberUtils。isCreatable或StringUtils.isNumeric。
使用Apache Commons Lang 3.4及以下版本:NumberUtils。isNumber或StringUtils.isNumeric。
你也可以使用StringUtils。isNumericSpace对于空字符串返回true,忽略字符串中的内部空格。另一种方法是使用NumberUtils。isParsable,根据Java检查数字是否可解析。(链接的javadocs包含每种方法的详细示例。)
// only int
public static boolean isNumber(int num)
{
return (num >= 48 && c <= 57); // 0 - 9
}
// is type of number including . - e E
public static boolean isNumber(String s)
{
boolean isNumber = true;
for(int i = 0; i < s.length() && isNumber; i++)
{
char c = s.charAt(i);
isNumber = isNumber & (
(c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c == '.') || (c == 'e') || (c == 'E') || (c == '')
);
}
return isInteger;
}
// is type of number
public static boolean isInteger(String s)
{
boolean isInteger = true;
for(int i = 0; i < s.length() && isInteger; i++)
{
char c = s.charAt(i);
isInteger = isInteger & ((c >= '0' && c <= '9'));
}
return isInteger;
}
public static boolean isNumeric(String s)
{
try
{
Double.parseDouble(s);
return true;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
return false;
}
}
这是我对这个问题的回答。
一个方便的方法,你可以使用任何类型的解析器来解析任何字符串:isParsable(对象解析器,字符串str)。解析器可以是Class或对象。这也将允许你使用你写的自定义解析器,应该适用于任何场景,例如:
isParsable(Integer.class, "11");
isParsable(Double.class, "11.11");
Object dateFormater = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss z");
isParsable(dateFormater, "2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT");
下面是我的代码和方法描述。
import java.lang.reflect.*;
/**
* METHOD: isParsable<p><p>
*
* This method will look through the methods of the specified <code>from</code> parameter
* looking for a public method name starting with "parse" which has only one String
* parameter.<p>
*
* The <code>parser</code> parameter can be a class or an instantiated object, eg:
* <code>Integer.class</code> or <code>new Integer(1)</code>. If you use a
* <code>Class</code> type then only static methods are considered.<p>
*
* When looping through potential methods, it first looks at the <code>Class</code> associated
* with the <code>parser</code> parameter, then looks through the methods of the parent's class
* followed by subsequent ancestors, using the first method that matches the criteria specified
* above.<p>
*
* This method will hide any normal parse exceptions, but throws any exceptions due to
* programmatic errors, eg: NullPointerExceptions, etc. If you specify a <code>parser</code>
* parameter which has no matching parse methods, a NoSuchMethodException will be thrown
* embedded within a RuntimeException.<p><p>
*
* Example:<br>
* <code>isParsable(Boolean.class, "true");<br>
* isParsable(Integer.class, "11");<br>
* isParsable(Double.class, "11.11");<br>
* Object dateFormater = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss z");<br>
* isParsable(dateFormater, "2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT");<br></code>
* <p>
*
* @param parser The Class type or instantiated Object to find a parse method in.
* @param str The String you want to parse
*
* @return true if a parse method was found and completed without exception
* @throws java.lang.NoSuchMethodException If no such method is accessible
*/
public static boolean isParsable(Object parser, String str) {
Class theClass = (parser instanceof Class? (Class)parser: parser.getClass());
boolean staticOnly = (parser == theClass), foundAtLeastOne = false;
Method[] methods = theClass.getMethods();
// Loop over methods
for (int index = 0; index < methods.length; index++) {
Method method = methods[index];
// If method starts with parse, is public and has one String parameter.
// If the parser parameter was a Class, then also ensure the method is static.
if(method.getName().startsWith("parse") &&
(!staticOnly || Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) &&
Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers()) &&
method.getGenericParameterTypes().length == 1 &&
method.getGenericParameterTypes()[0] == String.class)
{
try {
foundAtLeastOne = true;
method.invoke(parser, str);
return true; // Successfully parsed without exception
} catch (Exception exception) {
// If invoke problem, try a different method
/*if(!(exception instanceof IllegalArgumentException) &&
!(exception instanceof IllegalAccessException) &&
!(exception instanceof InvocationTargetException))
continue; // Look for other parse methods*/
// Parse method refuses to parse, look for another different method
continue; // Look for other parse methods
}
}
}
// No more accessible parse method could be found.
if(foundAtLeastOne) return false;
else throw new RuntimeException(new NoSuchMethodException());
}
/**
* METHOD: willParse<p><p>
*
* A convienence method which calls the isParseable method, but does not throw any exceptions
* which could be thrown through programatic errors.<p>
*
* Use of {@link #isParseable(Object, String) isParseable} is recommended for use so programatic
* errors can be caught in development, unless the value of the <code>parser</code> parameter is
* unpredictable, or normal programtic exceptions should be ignored.<p>
*
* See {@link #isParseable(Object, String) isParseable} for full description of method
* usability.<p>
*
* @param parser The Class type or instantiated Object to find a parse method in.
* @param str The String you want to parse
*
* @return true if a parse method was found and completed without exception
* @see #isParseable(Object, String) for full description of method usability
*/
public static boolean willParse(Object parser, String str) {
try {
return isParsable(parser, str);
} catch(Throwable exception) {
return false;
}
}
一个有效的方法避免尝试捕获和处理负数和科学符号。
Pattern PATTERN = Pattern.compile( "^(-?0|-?[1-9]\\d*)(\\.\\d+)?(E\\d+)?$" );
public static boolean isNumeric( String value )
{
return value != null && PATTERN.matcher( value ).matches();
}
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