如何使一个Python类序列化?
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
尝试序列化为JSON:
>>> import json
>>> x = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> json.dumps(x)
TypeError: Object of type 'FileItem' is not JSON serializable
如何使一个Python类序列化?
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
尝试序列化为JSON:
>>> import json
>>> x = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> json.dumps(x)
TypeError: Object of type 'FileItem' is not JSON serializable
当前回答
我有了自己的解决办法。使用此方法,将任何文档(字典、列表、ObjectId等)传递给序列化。
def getSerializable(doc):
# check if it's a list
if isinstance(doc, list):
for i, val in enumerate(doc):
doc[i] = getSerializable(doc[i])
return doc
# check if it's a dict
if isinstance(doc, dict):
for key in doc.keys():
doc[key] = getSerializable(doc[key])
return doc
# Process ObjectId
if isinstance(doc, ObjectId):
doc = str(doc)
return doc
# Use any other custom serializting stuff here...
# For the rest of stuff
return doc
其他回答
解决这个问题有很多方法。'ObjDict' (pip install object)是另一个。重点是提供像javascript一样的对象,它也可以像字典一样最好地处理从JSON加载的数据,但还有其他功能也很有用。这为原始问题提供了另一种解决方案。
大多数答案都涉及更改对json.dumps()的调用,这并不总是可能的或可取的(例如,它可能发生在框架组件内部)。
如果你希望能够按原样调用json.dumps(obj),那么一个简单的解决方案是从dict继承:
class FileItem(dict):
def __init__(self, fname):
dict.__init__(self, fname=fname)
f = FileItem('tasks.txt')
json.dumps(f) #No need to change anything here
如果你的类只是基本的数据表示,这是可行的,对于更棘手的事情,你总是可以显式地设置键。
一个非常简单的一行程序解决方案
import json
json.dumps(your_object, default=lambda __o: __o.__dict__)
结束!
下面是一个测试。
import json
from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class Company:
id: int
name: str
@dataclass
class User:
id: int
name: str
email: str
company: Company
company = Company(id=1, name="Example Ltd")
user = User(id=1, name="John Doe", email="john@doe.net", company=company)
json.dumps(user, default=lambda __o: __o.__dict__)
输出:
{
"id": 1,
"name": "John Doe",
"email": "john@doe.net",
"company": {
"id": 1,
"name": "Example Ltd"
}
}
这是我的3美分… 这演示了一个树状python对象的显式json序列化。 注意:如果你真的想要这样的代码,你可以使用twisted FilePath类。
import json, sys, os
class File:
def __init__(self, path):
self.path = path
def isdir(self):
return os.path.isdir(self.path)
def isfile(self):
return os.path.isfile(self.path)
def children(self):
return [File(os.path.join(self.path, f))
for f in os.listdir(self.path)]
def getsize(self):
return os.path.getsize(self.path)
def getModificationTime(self):
return os.path.getmtime(self.path)
def _default(o):
d = {}
d['path'] = o.path
d['isFile'] = o.isfile()
d['isDir'] = o.isdir()
d['mtime'] = int(o.getModificationTime())
d['size'] = o.getsize() if o.isfile() else 0
if o.isdir(): d['children'] = o.children()
return d
folder = os.path.abspath('.')
json.dump(File(folder), sys.stdout, default=_default)
对于更复杂的类,您可以考虑使用jsonpickle工具:
jsonpickle is a Python library for serialization and deserialization of complex Python objects to and from JSON. The standard Python libraries for encoding Python into JSON, such as the stdlib’s json, simplejson, and demjson, can only handle Python primitives that have a direct JSON equivalent (e.g. dicts, lists, strings, ints, etc.). jsonpickle builds on top of these libraries and allows more complex data structures to be serialized to JSON. jsonpickle is highly configurable and extendable–allowing the user to choose the JSON backend and add additional backends.
(链接到PyPi上的jsonpickle)