如果您有一个小型数据库，并且希望对整个数据库进行版本化，那么这个批处理脚本可能会有所帮助。它将MSSQL数据库MDF文件分离、压缩并检入Subversion。

如果您主要想要版本化您的模式，并且只有少量的引用数据，您可以使用SubSonic Migrations来处理它。这样做的好处是您可以轻松地向上或向下迁移到任何特定的版本。

为了更快地将数据转储到源代码控制系统，您可以使用sysobjects中的版本信息来查看自上次以来哪些对象发生了更改。

设置:在每个数据库中增量地创建一个表，以保存上次检查时的版本信息(第一次运行时为空)。如果要重新扫描整个数据结构，请清除此表。

IF ISNULL(OBJECT_ID('last_run_sysversions'), 0) <> 0 DROP TABLE last_run_sysversions
CREATE TABLE last_run_sysversions (
    name varchar(128), 
    id int, base_schema_ver int,
    schema_ver int,
    type char(2)
)

正常运行模式:您可以从此sql中获取结果，并为您感兴趣的sql脚本生成sql脚本，并将它们放入您选择的源代码控制中。

IF ISNULL(OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#tmp'), 0) <> 0 DROP TABLE #tmp
CREATE TABLE #tmp (
    name varchar(128), 
    id int, base_schema_ver int,
    schema_ver int,
    type char(2)
)

SET NOCOUNT ON

-- Insert the values from the end of the last run into #tmp
INSERT #tmp (name, id, base_schema_ver, schema_ver, type) 
SELECT name, id, base_schema_ver, schema_ver, type FROM last_run_sysversions

DELETE last_run_sysversions
INSERT last_run_sysversions (name, id, base_schema_ver, schema_ver, type)
SELECT name, id, base_schema_ver, schema_ver, type FROM sysobjects

-- This next bit lists all differences to scripts.
SET NOCOUNT OFF

--Renamed.
SELECT 'renamed' AS ChangeType, t.name, o.name AS extra_info, 1 AS Priority
FROM sysobjects o INNER JOIN #tmp t ON o.id = t.id
WHERE o.name <> t.name /*COLLATE*/
AND o.type IN ('TR', 'P' ,'U' ,'V')
UNION 

--Changed (using alter)
SELECT 'changed' AS ChangeType, o.name /*COLLATE*/, 
       'altered' AS extra_info, 2 AS Priority
FROM sysobjects o INNER JOIN #tmp t ON o.id = t.id 
WHERE (
   o.base_schema_ver <> t.base_schema_ver
OR o.schema_ver      <> t.schema_ver
)
AND  o.type IN ('TR', 'P' ,'U' ,'V')
AND  o.name NOT IN ( SELECT oi.name 
         FROM sysobjects oi INNER JOIN #tmp ti ON oi.id = ti.id
         WHERE oi.name <> ti.name /*COLLATE*/
         AND oi.type IN ('TR', 'P' ,'U' ,'V')) 
UNION

--Changed (actually dropped and recreated [but not renamed])
SELECT 'changed' AS ChangeType, t.name, 'dropped' AS extra_info, 2 AS Priority
FROM #tmp t
WHERE    t.name IN ( SELECT ti.name /*COLLATE*/ FROM #tmp ti
         WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects oi
                           WHERE oi.id = ti.id))
AND  t.name IN ( SELECT oi.name /*COLLATE*/ FROM sysobjects oi
         WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM #tmp ti
                           WHERE oi.id = ti.id)
         AND   oi.type  IN ('TR', 'P' ,'U' ,'V'))
UNION

--Deleted
SELECT 'deleted' AS ChangeType, t.name, '' AS extra_info, 0 AS Priority
FROM #tmp t
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects o
                  WHERE o.id = t.id)
AND t.name NOT IN (  SELECT oi.name /*COLLATE*/ FROM sysobjects oi
         WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM #tmp ti
                           WHERE oi.id = ti.id)
         AND   oi.type  IN ('TR', 'P' ,'U' ,'V'))
UNION

--Added
SELECT 'added' AS ChangeType, o.name /*COLLATE*/, '' AS extra_info, 4 AS Priority
FROM sysobjects o
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM #tmp t
                  WHERE o.id = t.id)
AND      o.type  IN ('TR', 'P' ,'U' ,'V')
AND  o.name NOT IN ( SELECT ti.name /*COLLATE*/ FROM #tmp ti
         WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects oi
                           WHERE oi.id = ti.id))
ORDER BY Priority ASC

注意:如果在任何数据库中使用非标准排序规则，则需要将/* COLLATE */替换为数据库排序规则。即COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AI

典型的解决方案是根据需要转储数据库并备份这些文件。

根据您的开发平台，可能会有可用的开源插件。编写自己的代码来完成这个任务通常是相当简单的。

注意:您可能希望备份数据库转储，而不是将其放入版本控制中。在版本控制中，文件可能会迅速变大，并导致整个源代码控制系统变慢(我正在回忆CVS的恐怖故事)。

每个推荐RedGate工具的人都要加1分，还有额外的建议和警告。

SqlCompare also has a decently documented API: so you can, for instance, write a console app which syncs your source controlled scripts folder with a CI integration testing database on checkin, so that when someone checks in a change to the schema from their scripts folder it's automatically deployed along with the matching application code change. This helps close the gap with developers who are forgetful about propagating changes in their local db up to a shared development DB (about half of us, I think :) ).

A caveat is that with a scripted solution or otherwise, the RedGate tools are sufficiently smooth that it's easy to forget about SQL realities underlying the abstraction. If you rename all the columns in a table, SqlCompare has no way to map the old columns to the new columns and will drop all the data in the table. It will generate warnings but I've seen people click past that. There's a general point here worth making, I think, that you can only automate DB versioning and upgrade so far - the abstractions are very leaky.

每个数据库都应该在源代码控制下。目前缺少的是一种工具，可以自动将所有数据库对象(以及“配置数据”)脚本化为文件，然后将其添加到任何源代码控制系统。如果你正在使用SQL Server，那么我的解决方案在这里:http://dbsourcetools.codeplex.com/。玩得开心。 -内森。

版本控制数据库的另一种选择是使用版本控制数据库，现在有几个这样的数据库。

https://www.dolthub.com/blog/2021-09-17-database-version-control/

这些产品没有在其他类型的数据库上应用版本控制——它们是自己的数据库引擎，支持版本控制操作。因此，您需要迁移到它们，或者在它们的基础上开始构建。

我编写了其中一个，DoltDB，它结合了MySQL和Git的接口。看看这里:

https://github.com/dolthub/dolt