从安德鲁的宝贵答案开始，我开发了一个脚本，从一个文件加载字典，并详细说明所有文件上打开的文件夹做替换。脚本从一个外部文件加载映射，您可以在该文件中设置分隔符。我是一个初学者，但我发现这个脚本在多个文件中做多个替换时非常有用。它在几秒钟内加载了一个包含1000多个条目的字典。这并不优雅，但对我来说很管用

import glob
import re

mapfile = input("Enter map file name with extension eg. codifica.txt: ")
sep = input("Enter map file column separator eg. |: ")
mask = input("Enter search mask with extension eg. 2010*txt for all files to be processed: ")
suff = input("Enter suffix with extension eg. _NEW.txt for newly generated files: ")

rep = {} # creation of empy dictionary

with open(mapfile) as temprep: # loading of definitions in the dictionary using input file, separator is prompted
    for line in temprep:
        (key, val) = line.strip('\n').split(sep)
        rep[key] = val

for filename in glob.iglob(mask): # recursion on all the files with the mask prompted

    with open (filename, "r") as textfile: # load each file in the variable text
        text = textfile.read()

        # start replacement
        #rep = dict((re.escape(k), v) for k, v in rep.items()) commented to enable the use in the mapping of re reserved characters
        pattern = re.compile("|".join(rep.keys()))
        text = pattern.sub(lambda m: rep[m.group(0)], text)

        #write of te output files with the prompted suffice
        target = open(filename[:-4]+"_NEW.txt", "w")
        target.write(text)
        target.close()

我把这句话建立在fj的精彩回答上:

import re

def multiple_replacer(*key_values):
    replace_dict = dict(key_values)
    replacement_function = lambda match: replace_dict[match.group(0)]
    pattern = re.compile("|".join([re.escape(k) for k, v in key_values]), re.M)
    return lambda string: pattern.sub(replacement_function, string)

def multiple_replace(string, *key_values):
    return multiple_replacer(*key_values)(string)

一针用法:

>>> replacements = (u"café", u"tea"), (u"tea", u"café"), (u"like", u"love")
>>> print multiple_replace(u"Do you like café? No, I prefer tea.", *replacements)
Do you love tea? No, I prefer café.

注意，由于替换只在一次传递中完成，“café”会变成“tea”，但不会变回“café”。

如果你需要做相同的替换多次，你可以很容易地创建一个替换函数:

>>> my_escaper = multiple_replacer(('"','\\"'), ('\t', '\\t'))
>>> many_many_strings = (u'This text will be escaped by "my_escaper"',
                       u'Does this work?\tYes it does',
                       u'And can we span\nmultiple lines?\t"Yes\twe\tcan!"')
>>> for line in many_many_strings:
...     print my_escaper(line)
... 
This text will be escaped by \"my_escaper\"
Does this work?\tYes it does
And can we span
multiple lines?\t\"Yes\twe\tcan!\"

改进:

将代码转换为函数 增加了多线支持 修正了逃跑的错误 容易创建一个函数，用于特定的多个替换

享受吧!: -)

在我的情况下，我需要一个简单的唯一键替换名称，所以我想到了这个:

a = 'This is a test string.'
b = {'i': 'I', 's': 'S'}
for x,y in b.items():
    a = a.replace(x, y)
>>> a
'ThIS IS a teSt StrIng.'

这里有一个使用reduce的第一个解决方案的变体，如果你喜欢功能性的。：）

repls = {'hello' : 'goodbye', 'world' : 'earth'}
s = 'hello, world'
reduce(lambda a, kv: a.replace(*kv), repls.iteritems(), s)

马蒂诺的版本更好:

repls = ('hello', 'goodbye'), ('world', 'earth')
s = 'hello, world'
reduce(lambda a, kv: a.replace(*kv), repls, s)

我想建议使用字符串模板。只需将要替换的字符串放在字典中，一切就都设置好了!示例来自docs.python.org

>>> from string import Template
>>> s = Template('$who likes $what')
>>> s.substitute(who='tim', what='kung pao')
'tim likes kung pao'
>>> d = dict(who='tim')
>>> Template('Give $who $100').substitute(d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
[...]
ValueError: Invalid placeholder in string: line 1, col 10
>>> Template('$who likes $what').substitute(d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
[...]
KeyError: 'what'
>>> Template('$who likes $what').safe_substitute(d)
'tim likes $what'

您可以使用pandas库和replace函数，它既支持精确匹配，也支持正则表达式替换。例如:

df = pd.DataFrame({'text': ['Billy is going to visit Rome in November', 'I was born in 10/10/2010', 'I will be there at 20:00']})

to_replace=['Billy','Rome','January|February|March|April|May|June|July|August|September|October|November|December', '\d{2}:\d{2}', '\d{2}/\d{2}/\d{4}']
replace_with=['name','city','month','time', 'date']

print(df.text.replace(to_replace, replace_with, regex=True))

修改后的文本为:

0    name is going to visit city in month
1                      I was born in date
2                 I will be there at time

你可以在这里找到一个例子。请注意，文本上的替换是按照它们在列表中出现的顺序进行的