UDP在需要速度时使用，如果数据包不需要，则使用精度，而TCP在需要精度时使用。

UDP通常比较难，因为你必须以一种不依赖于数据包准确性的方式来编写程序。

关于这个问题，我所知道的最好的答案之一来自Hacker News的用户zAy0LfpBZLC8mAC。这个答案太好了，我就原原本本地引用它吧。

TCP has head-of-queue blocking, as it guarantees complete and in-order delivery, so when a packet gets lost in transit, it has to wait for a retransmit of the missing packet, whereas UDP delivers packets to the application as they arrive, including duplicates and without any guarantee that a packet arrives at all or which order they arrive (it really is essentially IP with port numbers and an (optional) payload checksum added), but that is fine for telephony, for example, where it usually simply doesn't matter when a few milliseconds of audio are missing, but delay is very annoying, so you don't bother with retransmits, you just drop any duplicates, sort reordered packets into the right order for a few hundred milliseconds of jitter buffer, and if packets don't show up in time or at all, they are simply skipped, possible interpolated where supported by the codec. Also, a major part of TCP is flow control, to make sure you get as much througput as possible, but without overloading the network (which is kinda redundant, as an overloaded network will drop your packets, which means you'd have to do retransmits, which hurts throughput), UDP doesn't have any of that - which makes sense for applications like telephony, as telephony with a given codec needs a certain amount of bandwidth, you can not "slow it down", and additional bandwidth also doesn't make the call go faster. In addition to realtime/low latency applications, UDP makes sense for really small transactions, such as DNS lookups, simply because it doesn't have the TCP connection establishment and teardown overhead, both in terms of latency and in terms of bandwidth use. If your request is smaller than a typical MTU and the repsonse probably is, too, you can be done in one roundtrip, with no need to keep any state at the server, and flow control als ordering and all that probably isn't particularly useful for such uses either. And then, you can use UDP to build your own TCP replacements, of course, but it's probably not a good idea without some deep understanding of network dynamics, modern TCP algorithms are pretty sophisticated. Also, I guess it should be mentioned that there is more than UDP and TCP, such as SCTP and DCCP. The only problem currently is that the (IPv4) internet is full of NAT gateways which make it impossible to use protocols other than UDP and TCP in end-user applications.

请参阅Steven的Unix网络编程的22.4节，“何时使用UDP而不是TCP”。

另外，请参阅关于UDP总是比TCP更快的误解的其他SO回答。

史蒂文的话可以总结如下:

使用UDP广播和组播，因为这是你唯一的选择(任何新的应用程序使用组播) 你可以在简单的请求/回复应用中使用UDP，但你需要构建自己的ack、超时和重传 不要使用UDP进行批量数据传输。

比较TCP和UDP，像UDP这样的无连接协议可以保证速度，但不能保证数据包传输的可靠性。 例如，电子游戏通常不需要可靠的网络，但速度是最重要的，在游戏中使用UDP具有减少网络延迟的优势。

UDP是一种无连接协议，用于SNMP和DNS等协议，在这些协议中，无序到达的数据包是可以接受的，数据包的即时传输很重要。

在SNMP中使用它是因为网络管理通常必须在网络处于压力状态时进行，即当可靠的、拥塞控制的数据传输难以实现时。

它用于DNS，因为它不涉及连接建立，从而避免了连接建立延迟。

干杯

UDP在需要速度时使用，如果数据包不需要，则使用精度，而TCP在需要精度时使用。

UDP通常比较难，因为你必须以一种不依赖于数据包准确性的方式来编写程序。