我有一个非常简单的JavaScript对象,我将其用作关联数组。是否有一个简单的函数允许我获取值的键,或者我必须迭代对象并手动找到它?


当前回答

这里有一个Lodash解决方案,适用于flat key =>值对象,而不是嵌套对象。已接受的答案建议使用_。findKey适用于具有嵌套对象的对象,但在这种常见情况下不起作用。

这种方法将对象颠倒,将键交换为值,然后通过查找新(颠倒的)对象上的值来查找键。如果没有找到键,则返回false,我更喜欢undefined,但你可以很容易地在_的第三个参数中交换它。getKey()中的get方法。

// Get an object's key by value var getKey = function( obj, value ) { var inverse = _.invert( obj ); return _.get( inverse, value, false ); }; // US states used as an example var states = { "AL": "Alabama", "AK": "Alaska", "AS": "American Samoa", "AZ": "Arizona", "AR": "Arkansas", "CA": "California", "CO": "Colorado", "CT": "Connecticut", "DE": "Delaware", "DC": "District Of Columbia", "FM": "Federated States Of Micronesia", "FL": "Florida", "GA": "Georgia", "GU": "Guam", "HI": "Hawaii", "ID": "Idaho", "IL": "Illinois", "IN": "Indiana", "IA": "Iowa", "KS": "Kansas", "KY": "Kentucky", "LA": "Louisiana", "ME": "Maine", "MH": "Marshall Islands", "MD": "Maryland", "MA": "Massachusetts", "MI": "Michigan", "MN": "Minnesota", "MS": "Mississippi", "MO": "Missouri", "MT": "Montana", "NE": "Nebraska", "NV": "Nevada", "NH": "New Hampshire", "NJ": "New Jersey", "NM": "New Mexico", "NY": "New York", "NC": "North Carolina", "ND": "North Dakota", "MP": "Northern Mariana Islands", "OH": "Ohio", "OK": "Oklahoma", "OR": "Oregon", "PW": "Palau", "PA": "Pennsylvania", "PR": "Puerto Rico", "RI": "Rhode Island", "SC": "South Carolina", "SD": "South Dakota", "TN": "Tennessee", "TX": "Texas", "UT": "Utah", "VT": "Vermont", "VI": "Virgin Islands", "VA": "Virginia", "WA": "Washington", "WV": "West Virginia", "WI": "Wisconsin", "WY": "Wyoming" }; console.log( 'The key for "Massachusetts" is "' + getKey( states, 'Massachusetts' ) + '"' ); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/4.17.4/lodash.min.js"></script>

其他回答

因为这些值是唯一的,所以应该可以将这些值添加为一组额外的键。这可以用下面的快捷方式完成。

var foo = {};
foo[foo.apple = "an apple"] = "apple";
foo[foo.pear = "a pear"] = "pear";

这将允许通过键或值进行检索:

var key = "apple";
var value = "an apple";

console.log(foo[value]); // "apple"
console.log(foo[key]); // "an apple"

这确实假设键和值之间没有公共元素。

没有可用的标准方法。你需要迭代,你可以创建一个简单的helper:

Object.prototype.getKeyByValue = function( value ) {
    for( var prop in this ) {
        if( this.hasOwnProperty( prop ) ) {
             if( this[ prop ] === value )
                 return prop;
        }
    }
}

var test = {
   key1: 42,
   key2: 'foo'
};

test.getKeyByValue( 42 );  // returns 'key1'

提醒一句:即使上述方法有效,扩展任何主机或本机对象的.prototype通常也不是一个好主意。我这样做是因为它很适合这个问题。不管怎样,你应该在.prototype之外使用这个函数,并将对象传递给它。

http://jsfiddle.net/rTazZ/2/

var a = new Array(); 
    a.push({"1": "apple", "2": "banana"}); 
    a.push({"3": "coconut", "4": "mango"});

    GetIndexByValue(a, "coconut");

    function GetIndexByValue(arrayName, value) {  
    var keyName = "";
    var index = -1;
    for (var i = 0; i < arrayName.length; i++) { 
       var obj = arrayName[i]; 
            for (var key in obj) {          
                if (obj[key] == value) { 
                    keyName = key; 
                    index = i;
                } 
            } 
        }
        //console.log(index); 
        return index;
    } 

这是Underscorejs方法的一个小扩展,并使用Lodash代替:

var getKeyByValue = function(searchValue) {
  return _.findKey(hash, function(hashValue) {
    return searchValue === hashValue;
  });
}

FindKey将搜索并返回与值匹配的第一个键。 如果你想要最后一个匹配,使用FindLastKey代替。

如前所述,迭代是必要的。例如,在现代浏览器中,你可以有:

var key = Object.keys(obj).filter(function(key) {return obj[key] === value})[0];

value包含了你要找的值。 说到这里,我可能会使用循环。

否则,你可以使用一个合适的“hashmap”对象——在JS中有几个实现——或者你自己实现。

更新2018

六年过去了,但我仍然得到了一些投票,所以我觉得一个更现代的解决方案——适用于现代浏览器/环境——应该在答案中提到,而不仅仅是在评论中:

const key = Object.keys(obj).find(key => obj[key] === value);

当然它也可以是一个函数:

const getKeyByValue = (obj, value) => 
        Object.keys(obj).find(key => obj[key] === value);