http://jsfiddle.net/rTazZ/2/

var a = new Array(); 
    a.push({"1": "apple", "2": "banana"}); 
    a.push({"3": "coconut", "4": "mango"});

    GetIndexByValue(a, "coconut");

    function GetIndexByValue(arrayName, value) {  
    var keyName = "";
    var index = -1;
    for (var i = 0; i < arrayName.length; i++) { 
       var obj = arrayName[i]; 
            for (var key in obj) {          
                if (obj[key] == value) { 
                    keyName = key; 
                    index = i;
                } 
            } 
        }
        //console.log(index); 
        return index;
    } 

我们可以使用简单的函数来获取传递的值

const getKeyByValue = (object, value) => Object.keys(object).find(key => object[key] === value)

如果你正在使用下划线或Lodash库，你可以使用_。findKey功能:

var users = {
  'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
  'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
  'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
};

_.findKey(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
// => 'barney' (iteration order is not guaranteed)

// The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
_.findKey(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
// => 'pebbles'

// The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
_.findKey(users, ['active', false]);
// => 'fred'

// The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
_.findKey(users, 'active');
// => 'barney'

我使用这个函数:

Object.prototype.getKey = function(value){
  for(var key in this){
    if(this[key] == value){
      return key;
    }
  }
  return null;
};

用法:

// ISO 639: 2-letter codes
var languageCodes = {
  DA: 'Danish',
  DE: 'German',
  DZ: 'Bhutani',
  EL: 'Greek',
  EN: 'English',
  EO: 'Esperanto',
  ES: 'Spanish'
};

var key = languageCodes.getKey('Greek');
console.log(key); // EL

function extractKeyValue(obj, value) {
    return Object.keys(obj)[Object.values(obj).indexOf(value)];
}

用于闭包编译器提取编译后未知的键名

更性感的版本，但使用未来对象。项功能

function objectKeyByValue (obj, val) {
  return Object.entries(obj).find(i => i[1] === val);
}

保持原型干净。

function val2key(val,array){
    for (var key in array) {
        if(array[key] == val){
            return key;
        }
    }
 return false;
}

例子:

var map = {"first" : 1, "second" : 2};
var key = val2key(2,map); /*returns "second"*/