好吧，我来总结一下大家之前说过的话…不管怎样，这是我根据好的答案构建的代码:)剩下要做的就是复制和使用…

/// <summary>
/// Checks to make sure that the input delegate throws a exception of type TException.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TException">The type of exception expected.</typeparam>
/// <param name="methodToExecute">The method to execute to generate the exception.</param>
public static void AssertRaises<TException>(Action methodToExecute) where TException : System.Exception
{
    try
    {
        methodToExecute();
    }
    catch (TException) {
        return;
    }  
    catch (System.Exception ex)
    {
        Assert.Fail("Expected exception of type " + typeof(TException) + " but type of " + ex.GetType() + " was thrown instead.");
    }
    Assert.Fail("Expected exception of type " + typeof(TException) + " but no exception was thrown.");  
}

对于“Visual Studio Team Test”，似乎您将ExpectedException属性应用到测试的方法。

文档中的示例:使用Visual Studio团队测试的单元测试演练

[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException),
    "A userId of null was inappropriately allowed.")]
public void NullUserIdInConstructor()
{
   LogonInfo logonInfo = new LogonInfo(null, "P@ss0word");
}

如果你正在使用MSTest，它最初没有ExpectedException属性，你可以这样做:

try 
{
    SomeExceptionThrowingMethod()
    Assert.Fail("no exception thrown");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Assert.IsTrue(ex is SpecificExceptionType);
}

Even though this is an old question, I would like to add a new thought to the discussion. I have extended the Arrange, Act, Assert pattern to be Expected, Arrange, Act, Assert. You can make an expected exception pointer, then assert it was assigned to. This feels cleaner than doing your Asserts in a catch block, leaving your Act section mostly just for the one line of code to call the method under test. You also don't have to Assert.Fail(); or return from multiple points in the code. Any other exception thrown will cause the test to fail, because it won't be caught, and if an exception of your expected type is thrown, but the it wasn't the one you were expecting, Asserting against the message or other properties of the exception help make sure your test won't pass inadvertently.

[TestMethod]
public void Bar_InvalidDependency_ThrowsInvalidOperationException()
{
    // Expectations
    InvalidOperationException expectedException = null;
    string expectedExceptionMessage = "Bar did something invalid.";

    // Arrange
    IDependency dependency = DependencyMocks.Create();
    Foo foo = new Foo(dependency);

    // Act
    try
    {
        foo.Bar();
    }
    catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
    {
        expectedException = ex;
    }

    // Assert
    Assert.IsNotNull(expectedException);
    Assert.AreEqual(expectedExceptionMessage, expectedException.Message);
}

我不建议使用ExpectedException属性(因为它约束太大，容易出错)，也不建议在每个测试中编写一个try/catch块(因为它太复杂，容易出错)。使用设计良好的断言方法——可以由您的测试框架提供，也可以自己编写。下面是我写的和用的。

public static class ExceptionAssert
{
    private static T GetException<T>(Action action, string message="") where T : Exception
    {
        try
        {
            action();
        }
        catch (T exception)
        {
            return exception;
        }
        throw new AssertFailedException("Expected exception " + typeof(T).FullName + ", but none was propagated.  " + message);
    }

    public static void Propagates<T>(Action action) where T : Exception
    {
        Propagates<T>(action, "");
    }

    public static void Propagates<T>(Action action, string message) where T : Exception
    {
        GetException<T>(action, message);
    }

    public static void Propagates<T>(Action action, Action<T> validation) where T : Exception
    {
        Propagates(action, validation, "");
    }

    public static void Propagates<T>(Action action, Action<T> validation, string message) where T : Exception
    {
        validation(GetException<T>(action, message));
    }
}

使用示例:

    [TestMethod]
    public void Run_PropagatesWin32Exception_ForInvalidExeFile()
    {
        (test setup that might propagate Win32Exception)
        ExceptionAssert.Propagates<Win32Exception>(
            () => CommandExecutionUtil.Run(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location, new string[0]));
        (more asserts or something)
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Run_PropagatesFileNotFoundException_ForExecutableNotFound()
    {
        (test setup that might propagate FileNotFoundException)
        ExceptionAssert.Propagates<FileNotFoundException>(
            () => CommandExecutionUtil.Run("NotThere.exe", new string[0]),
            e => StringAssert.Contains(e.Message, "NotThere.exe"));
        (more asserts or something)
    }

笔记

返回异常而不是支持验证回调是一个合理的想法，只是这样做会使这个断言的调用语法与我使用的其他断言非常不同。

与其他人不同，我使用“propagates”而不是“throws”，因为我们只能测试异常是否从调用中传播。我们不能直接测试是否抛出了异常。但我想你可以把投掷想象成:被扔出去而没有被接住。

最后认为

在切换到这种方法之前，我考虑过在测试只验证异常类型时使用ExpectedException属性，在需要更多验证时使用try/catch块。但是，我不仅要考虑在每个测试中使用哪种技术，而且随着需求的变化将代码从一种技术更改为另一种技术也不是一件简单的工作。使用一种一致的方法可以节省脑力。

总而言之，这种方法具有易用性、灵活性和健壮性(很难做错)。

更新

我的方法对于mstest V2来说不再有价值了，它似乎已经在2018年问世了。使用Assert.ThrowsException。

除非你一直在使用旧版本的mstest。那么，我的方法仍然适用。

如果你使用NUNIT，你可以这样做:

Assert.Throws<ExpectedException>(() => methodToTest());

也可以存储抛出的异常以便进一步验证:

ExpectedException ex = Assert.Throws<ExpectedException>(() => methodToTest());
Assert.AreEqual( "Expected message text.", ex.Message );
Assert.AreEqual( 5, ex.SomeNumber);

参见:http://nunit.org/docs/2.5/exceptionAsserts.html