如果你已经在使用Fabric/Firebase Crashlytics，你可以打电话

CommonUtils.isRooted(context)

这是该方法的当前实现:

public static boolean isRooted(Context context) {
    boolean isEmulator = isEmulator(context);
    String buildTags = Build.TAGS;
    if (!isEmulator && buildTags != null && buildTags.contains("test-keys")) {
        return true;
    } else {
        File file = new File("/system/app/Superuser.apk");
        if (file.exists()) {
            return true;
        } else {
            file = new File("/system/xbin/su");
            return !isEmulator && file.exists();
        }
    }
}

public static boolean isEmulator(Context context) {
    String androidId = Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), "android_id");
    return "sdk".equals(Build.PRODUCT) || "google_sdk".equals(Build.PRODUCT) || androidId == null;
}

另外两个方法，如果你想检查一个设备在你的应用程序中是否具有根功能:

检查是否存在“su”二进制文件:从Runtime.getRuntime().exec()运行"which su" 在/system/app/ SuperUser.apk目录下查找SuperUser.apk

一些用于设置系统属性ro的修改版本。Modversion用于此目的。事情似乎已经发生了变化;我几个月前在TheDude上的构建是这样的:

cmb@apollo:~$ adb -d shell getprop |grep build
[ro.build.id]: [CUPCAKE]
[ro.build.display.id]: [htc_dream-eng 1.5 CUPCAKE eng.TheDudeAbides.20090427.235325 test-keys]
[ro.build.version.incremental]: [eng.TheDude.2009027.235325]
[ro.build.version.sdk]: [3]
[ro.build.version.release]: [1.5]
[ro.build.date]: [Mon Apr 20 01:42:32 CDT 2009]
[ro.build.date.utc]: [1240209752]
[ro.build.type]: [eng]
[ro.build.user]: [TheDude]
[ro.build.host]: [ender]
[ro.build.tags]: [test-keys]
[ro.build.product]: [dream]
[ro.build.description]: [kila-user 1.1 PLAT-RC33 126986 ota-rel-keys,release-keys]
[ro.build.fingerprint]: [tmobile/kila/dream/trout:1.1/PLAT-RC33/126986:user/ota-rel-keys,release-keys]
[ro.build.changelist]: [17615# end build properties]

另一方面，来自1.5 SDK的模拟器，运行1.5镜像，也有根，可能类似于Android Dev Phone 1(你可能想要允许)，并有这个:

cmb@apollo:~$ adb -e shell getprop |grep build
[ro.build.id]: [CUPCAKE]
[ro.build.display.id]: [sdk-eng 1.5 CUPCAKE 148875 test-keys]
[ro.build.version.incremental]: [148875]
[ro.build.version.sdk]: [3]
[ro.build.version.release]: [1.5]
[ro.build.date]: [Thu May 14 18:09:10 PDT 2009]
[ro.build.date.utc]: [1242349750]
[ro.build.type]: [eng]
[ro.build.user]: [android-build]
[ro.build.host]: [undroid16.mtv.corp.google.com]
[ro.build.tags]: [test-keys]
[ro.build.product]: [generic]
[ro.build.description]: [sdk-eng 1.5 CUPCAKE 148875 test-keys]
[ro.build.fingerprint]: [generic/sdk/generic/:1.5/CUPCAKE/148875:eng/test-keys]

至于零售构建，我手头没有，但在site:xda developers.com下的各种搜索提供了大量信息。这是荷兰的G1, ro。build。tags没有test-key，我认为这可能是最可靠的属性。

更新2017

你现在可以用谷歌Safetynet API做到这一点。SafetyNet API提供了认证API，它可以帮助您评估应用程序运行的Android环境的安全性和兼容性。

这种认证可以帮助确定特定设备是否被篡改或修改过。

认证API返回如下所示的JWS响应

{
  "nonce": "R2Rra24fVm5xa2Mg",
  "timestampMs": 9860437986543,
  "apkPackageName": "com.package.name.of.requesting.app",
  "apkCertificateDigestSha256": ["base64 encoded, SHA-256 hash of the
                                  certificate used to sign requesting app"],
  "apkDigestSha256": "base64 encoded, SHA-256 hash of the app's APK",
  "ctsProfileMatch": true,
  "basicIntegrity": true,
}

解析此响应可以帮助您确定设备是否已扎根

根设备似乎导致ctsProfileMatch=false。

您可以在客户端执行此操作，但建议在服务器端解析响应。 一个基本的客户端服务器架构与安全网API将看起来像这样

在rootbox中使用我的库非常简单。检查所需的代码如下:

    //Pass true to <Shell>.start(...) call to run as superuser
    Shell shell = null;
    try {
            shell = Shell.start(true);
    } catch (IOException exception) {
            exception.printStackTrace();
    }
    if (shell == null)
            // We failed to execute su binary
            return;
    if (shell.isRoot()) {
            // Verified running as uid 0 (root), can continue with commands
            ...
    } else
            throw Exception("Unable to gain root access. Make sure you pressed Allow/Grant in superuser prompt.");

http://code.google.com/p/roottools/

如果你不想使用jar文件，请使用下面的代码:

public static boolean findBinary(String binaryName) {
        boolean found = false;
        if (!found) {
            String[] places = { "/sbin/", "/system/bin/", "/system/xbin/",
                    "/data/local/xbin/", "/data/local/bin/",
                    "/system/sd/xbin/", "/system/bin/failsafe/", "/data/local/" };
            for (String where : places) {
                if (new File(where + binaryName).exists()) {
                    found = true;

                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return found;
    }

程序将尝试查找su文件夹:

private static boolean isRooted() {
        return findBinary("su");
    }

例子:

if (isRooted()) {
   textView.setText("Device Rooted");

} else {
   textView.setText("Device Unrooted");
}