Bah -“你必须在每个重写equals()的类中重写hashCode()。”

[出自Joshua Bloch的《Effective Java》?］

Isn't this the wrong way round? Overriding hashCode likely implies you're writing a hash-key class, but overriding equals certainly does not. There are many classes that are not used as hash-keys, but do want a logical-equality-testing method for some other reason. If you choose "equals" for it, you may then be mandated to write a hashCode implementation by overzealous application of this rule. All that achieves is adding untested code in the codebase, an evil waiting to trip someone up in the future. Also writing code you don't need is anti-agile. It's just wrong (and an ide generated one will probably be incompatible with your hand-crafted equals).

他们肯定应该在被写来用作键的对象上强制设置一个接口吗?无论如何，Object永远不应该提供默认的hashCode()和equals() imho。它可能鼓励了许多破碎的散列集合。

但无论如何，我认为“规则”是前后颠倒的。与此同时，我将继续避免使用“等号”进行相等性测试方法:-(

String类和包装器类的equals()和hashCode()方法实现与Object类不同。Object类的equals()方法比较对象的引用，而不是内容。Object类的hashCode()方法为每个对象返回不同的hashCode，无论内容是否相同。

It leads problem when you use Map collection and the key is of Persistent type, StringBuffer/builder type. Since they don't override equals() and hashCode() unlike String class, equals() will return false when you compare two different objects even though both have same contents. It will make the hashMap storing same content keys. Storing same content keys means it is violating the rule of Map because Map doesnt allow duplicate keys at all. Therefore you override equals() as well as hashCode() methods in your class and provide the implementation(IDE can generate these methods) so that they work same as String's equals() and hashCode() and prevent same content keys.

你必须重写hashCode()方法和equals()，因为equals()根据hashCode工作。

此外，与equals()一起重写hashCode()方法有助于完好无损equals()-hashCode()契约:“如果两个对象相等，那么它们必须具有相同的哈希码。”

什么时候需要为hashCode()编写自定义实现?

正如我们所知，HashMap的内部工作是基于哈希原理的。条目集存储在特定的存储桶中。您可以根据自己的需求定制hashCode()实现，以便相同的类别对象可以存储在相同的索引中。 当你使用put(k,v)方法将值存储到Map集合中时，put()的内部实现是:

put(k, v){
hash(k);
index=hash & (n-1);
}

意思是，它生成索引，索引是基于特定键对象的hashcode生成的。所以让这个方法根据你的需求生成哈希码，因为相同的哈希码条目集将存储在相同的桶或索引中。

就是这样!

它在使用值对象时很有用。以下摘自Portland Pattern Repository:

Examples of value objects are things like numbers, dates, monies and strings. Usually, they are small objects which are used quite widely. Their identity is based on their state rather than on their object identity. This way, you can have multiple copies of the same conceptual value object. So I can have multiple copies of an object that represents the date 16 Jan 1998. Any of these copies will be equal to each other. For a small object such as this, it is often easier to create new ones and move them around rather than rely on a single object to represent the date. A value object should always override .equals() in Java (or = in Smalltalk). (Remember to override .hashCode() as well.)

我正在研究解释“如果你只覆盖hashCode，那么当你调用myMap.put(first,someValue)时，它首先接受，计算它的hashCode并将其存储在给定的桶中。然后，当你调用myMap.put(first,someOtherValue)时，它应该根据Map文档将first替换为second，因为它们是相等的(根据我们的定义)。”：

我认为第二次添加myMap时应该是第二个对象比如myMap。put(second,someOtherValue)

假设你有一个类(A)，它聚合了另外两个类(B) (C)，你需要在哈希表中存储类(A)的实例。默认实现只允许区分实例，但不允许通过(B)和(C)。因此A的两个实例可以相等，但默认不允许您以正确的方式比较它们。

恕我冒昧，这是根据规则说的-如果两个对象相等，那么它们应该具有相同的哈希值，即相等的对象应该产生相同的哈希值。

如上所述，Object is ==中的默认equals()对地址进行比较，hashCode()返回整数形式的地址(对实际地址进行哈希)，这对于不同的Object来说也是不同的。

如果你需要在基于哈希的集合中使用自定义对象，你需要覆盖equals()和hashCode()，例如如果我想维护员工对象的HashSet，如果我不使用更强的hashCode和equals，我可能最终会覆盖两个不同的员工对象，这发生在我使用年龄作为hashCode()时，但是我应该使用唯一的值，可以是员工ID。