我将这里的一些其他答案和另一个线程上的这个答案重新组合成一个try风格的扩展方法。如果您想要一个扩展方法，这有一个好处，同时避免超时时出现异常。

public static async Task<bool> TryWithTimeoutAfter<TResult>(this Task<TResult> task,
    TimeSpan timeout, Action<TResult> successor)
{

    using var timeoutCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
    var completedTask = await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(timeout, timeoutCancellationTokenSource.Token))
                                  .ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);

    if (completedTask == task)
    {
        timeoutCancellationTokenSource.Cancel();

        // propagate exception rather than AggregateException, if calling task.Result.
        var result = await task.ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
        successor(result);
        return true;
    }
    else return false;        
}     

async Task Example(Task<string> task)
{
    string result = null;
    if (await task.TryWithTimeoutAfter(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), r => result = r))
    {
        Console.WriteLine(result);
    }
}    

所以这是古老的，但有一个更好的现代解决方案。不确定c#/的哪个版本。NET是必需的，但这是我怎么做的:

... Other method code not relevant to the question.

// a token source that will timeout at the specified interval, or if cancelled outside of this scope
using var timeoutTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
using var linkedTokenSource = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(token, timeoutTokenSource.Token);

async Task<MessageResource> FetchAsync()
{
    try
    {
        return await MessageResource.FetchAsync(m.Sid);
    } catch (TaskCanceledException e)
    {
        if (timeoutTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
            throw new TimeoutException("Timeout", e);
        throw;
    }
}

return await Task.Run(FetchAsync, linkedTokenSource.Token);

CancellationTokenSource构造函数接受一个TimeSpan参数，该参数将导致令牌在该间隔结束后取消。然后，您可以将异步(或者同步)代码包装到另一个Task调用中。运行，传递超时令牌。

这假设您正在传递一个取消令牌(令牌变量)。如果不需要在超时后单独取消任务，则可以直接使用timeoutTokenSource。否则，您将创建linkedTokenSource，它将在超时发生或以其他方式取消时取消。

然后，我们只捕获OperationCancelledException并检查是哪个令牌抛出了异常，如果超时导致引发异常，则抛出TimeoutException。否则，我们重新抛出。

此外，我在这里使用的是c# 7中引入的局部函数，但您可以很容易地使用lambda或实际函数来达到同样的效果。类似地，c# 8为使用语句引入了更简单的语法，但这些语法很容易重写。

如果使用BlockingCollection来调度任务，生产者可以运行可能长时间运行的任务，消费者可以使用TryTake方法，该方法具有内置的超时和取消令牌。

使用Stephen Cleary的优秀AsyncEx库，你可以做到:

TimeSpan timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);

using (var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(timeout))
{
    await myTask.WaitAsync(cts.Token);
}

TaskCanceledException将在超时时抛出。

使用定时器处理消息并自动取消。当Task完成时，对计时器调用Dispose，以便它们永远不会触发。这里有一个例子;将taskDelay改为500、1500或2500来查看不同的情况:

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        private static Task CreateTaskWithTimeout(
            int xDelay, int yDelay, int taskDelay)
        {
            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            var token = cts.Token;
            var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                // Do some work, but fail if cancellation was requested
                token.WaitHandle.WaitOne(taskDelay);
                token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                Console.WriteLine("Task complete");
            });
            var messageTimer = new Timer(state =>
            {
                // Display message at first timeout
                Console.WriteLine("X milliseconds elapsed");
            }, null, xDelay, -1);
            var cancelTimer = new Timer(state =>
            {
                // Display message and cancel task at second timeout
                Console.WriteLine("Y milliseconds elapsed");
                cts.Cancel();
            }
                , null, yDelay, -1);
            task.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                // Dispose the timers when the task completes
                // This will prevent the message from being displayed
                // if the task completes before the timeout
                messageTimer.Dispose();
                cancelTimer.Dispose();
            });
            return task;
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var task = CreateTaskWithTimeout(1000, 2000, 2500);
            // The task has been started and will display a message after
            // one timeout and then cancel itself after the second
            // You can add continuations to the task
            // or wait for the result as needed
            try
            {
                task.Wait();
                Console.WriteLine("Done waiting for task");
            }
            catch (AggregateException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Error waiting for task:");
                foreach (var e in ex.InnerExceptions)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(e);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

此外，Async CTP提供了一个TaskEx。Delay方法，它将为您在任务中包装计时器。这可以给你更多的控制来做一些事情，比如设置TaskScheduler为Timer触发时的延续。

private static Task CreateTaskWithTimeout(
    int xDelay, int yDelay, int taskDelay)
{
    var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
    var token = cts.Token;
    var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
    {
        // Do some work, but fail if cancellation was requested
        token.WaitHandle.WaitOne(taskDelay);
        token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        Console.WriteLine("Task complete");
    });

    var timerCts = new CancellationTokenSource();

    var messageTask = TaskEx.Delay(xDelay, timerCts.Token);
    messageTask.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        // Display message at first timeout
        Console.WriteLine("X milliseconds elapsed");
    }, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion);

    var cancelTask = TaskEx.Delay(yDelay, timerCts.Token);
    cancelTask.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        // Display message and cancel task at second timeout
        Console.WriteLine("Y milliseconds elapsed");
        cts.Cancel();
    }, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion);

    task.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        timerCts.Cancel();
    });

    return task;
}

像这样的东西怎么样?

    const int x = 3000;
    const int y = 1000;

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Your scheduler
        TaskScheduler scheduler = TaskScheduler.Default;

        Task nonblockingTask = new Task(() =>
            {
                CancellationTokenSource source = new CancellationTokenSource();

                Task t1 = new Task(() =>
                    {
                        while (true)
                        {
                            // Do something
                            if (source.IsCancellationRequested)
                                break;
                        }
                    }, source.Token);

                t1.Start(scheduler);

                // Wait for task 1
                bool firstTimeout = t1.Wait(x);

                if (!firstTimeout)
                {
                    // If it hasn't finished at first timeout display message
                    Console.WriteLine("Message to user: the operation hasn't completed yet.");

                    bool secondTimeout = t1.Wait(y);

                    if (!secondTimeout)
                    {
                        source.Cancel();
                        Console.WriteLine("Operation stopped!");
                    }
                }
            });

        nonblockingTask.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("Do whatever you want...");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

您可以使用任务。等待选项，不阻塞主线程使用另一个任务。