正如其他人提到的，这是指定初始化项。

这个特性是c++ 20的一部分

你甚至可以把Gui13的解决方案打包成一个初始化语句:

struct address {
                 int street_no;
                 char *street_name;
                 char *city;
                 char *prov;
                 char *postal_code;
               };


address ta = (ta = address(), ta.city = "Hamilton", ta.prov = "Ontario", ta);

免责声明:我不推荐这种风格

我知道这个问题很老了，但我找到了另一种初始化的方法，使用constexpr和currying:

struct mp_struct_t {
    public:
        constexpr mp_struct_t(int member1) : mp_struct_t(member1, 0, 0) {}
        constexpr mp_struct_t(int member1, int member2, int member3) : member1(member1), member2(member2), member3(member3) {}
        constexpr mp_struct_t another_member(int member) { return {member1, member, member3}; }
        constexpr mp_struct_t yet_another_one(int member) { return {member1, member2, member}; }

    int member1, member2, member3;
};

static mp_struct_t a_struct = mp_struct_t{1}
                           .another_member(2)
                           .yet_another_one(3);

此方法也适用于全局静态变量，甚至是构造变量。 唯一的缺点是糟糕的可维护性:每次必须使用此方法使另一个成员可初始化时，所有成员初始化方法都必须更改。

你可以通过构造函数初始化:

struct address {
  address() : city("Hamilton"), prov("Ontario") {}
  int street_no;
  char *street_name;
  char *city;
  char *prov;
  char *postal_code;
};

正如其他人提到的，这是指定初始化项。

这个特性是c++ 20的一部分

你有

The standard initialization list address temp_address { /* street_no */, /* street_name */, ... /* postal_code */ }; address temp_address2 = { /* street_no */, /* street_name */, ... /* postal_code */ } The dot notation address temp_address; temp_address.street_no = ...; temp_address.street_name = ...; ... temp_address.postal_code = ...; The designated aggregate initialization, where the initialization list contains that labels of each member of the structure (see documentation) available from C++20 onward. Treating a struct like a C++ class - in C++ structures are actually special types of classes, where all members are public (unlike a standard C++ class where all members are private if not specified otherwise explicitly) as well as that when using inheritance they default to public: struct Address { int street_no; ... char* postal_code; Address (int _street_no, ... , char* _postal_code) : street_no(_street_no), ... postal_code(_postal_code) {} } ... Address temp_address ( /* street_no */, ..., /* postal_code */);

当涉及到初始化结构的方式时，你应该考虑以下方面:

Portability - different compilers, different degree of C++ standard completeness and different C++ standards altogether do limit your options. If you have to work with let's say a C++11 compiler but want to use the C++20 designated aggregate initialization you are out of luck Readability - what is more readable: temp_address.city = "Toronto" or temp_address { ..., "Toronto", ... }? Readability of your code is very important. Especially when you have large structures (worse - nested ones), having unlabeled values all over the place is just asking for trouble Scalability - anything that depends on a specific order is not a good idea. The same goes for lack of labels. You want to move a member up or down the address space of the structure? Good luck with an unlabeled initialization list (hunting down swapped values in structure initialization is a nightmare)... You want to add a new member? Again good luck with anything that depends on a specific order.

虽然点表示法意味着你输入更多，但你从使用它中得到的好处超过了这个问题，因此我建议你使用它，除非你有一个小的结构，它的结构缺乏变化，在这种情况下，你可以使用一个初始化列表。记住:无论何时与他人合作，编写易于遵循的代码都是至关重要的。