给定两个范围[x1,x2]， [y1,y2]

def is_overlapping(x1,x2,y1,y2):
    return max(x1,y1) <= min(x2,y2)

以下是我的看法:

int xmin = min(x1,x2)
  , xmax = max(x1,x2)
  , ymin = min(y1,y2)
  , ymax = max(y1,y2);

for (int i = xmin; i < xmax; ++i)
    if (ymin <= i && i <= ymax)
        return true;

return false;

除非您正在对数十亿个宽间距整数运行一些高性能的范围检查器，否则我们的版本应该执行类似的操作。我的观点是，这是微观优化。

什么新东西。只是可读性更强。

def overlap(event_1, event_2):

    start_time_1 = event_1[0]
    end_time_1 = event_1[1]

    start_time_2 = event_2[0]
    end_time_2 = event_2[1]

    start_late = max(start_time_1, start_time_2)
    end_early = min(end_time_1, end_time_2)


    # The event that starts late should only be after the event ending early.
    if start_late > end_early:
        print("Absoloutly No overlap!")
    else:
        print("Events do overlap!")

你已经有了最有效的表示——这是需要检查的最小值，除非你确定x1 < x2等，然后使用其他人提供的解决方案。

你可能应该注意到，一些编译器实际上会为你优化它——只要这4个表达式中的任何一个返回true就返回。如果其中一个返回true，那么最终结果也会返回true——因此可以跳过其他检查。

重叠(X, Y):= if (X1 <= Y1) then (Y1 <= X2) else (X1 <= Y2)。

证明:

考虑X在Y之前或与Y左对齐的情况，即X1 <= Y1。那么Y要么在X内部开始，要么在X的末尾开始，即Y1 <= X2;或者Y远离x，第一个条件是重叠;第二个，不是。

在互补的情况下，Y在X之前，同样的逻辑适用于交换的实体。

So,

重叠(X, Y):= if (X1 <= Y) then (Y1 <= X2) else重叠(Y, X)。

但这似乎并不完全正确。在递归调用中，第一个测试是多余的，因为我们已经从第一个调用的第一个测试中知道了实体的相对位置。因此，我们实际上只需要测试第二个条件，即交换后(X1 <= Y2)。所以,

重叠(X, Y):= if (X1 <= Y1) then (Y1 <= X2) else (X1 <= Y2)。

QED.

Ada的实现:

   type Range_T is array (1 .. 2) of Integer;

   function Overlap (X, Y: Range_T) return Boolean is
     (if X(1) <= Y(1) then Y(1) <= X(2) else X(1) <= Y(2));

测试程序:

with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;

procedure Main is

   type Range_T is array (1 .. 2) of Integer;

   function Overlap (X, Y: Range_T) return Boolean is
     (if X(1) <= Y(1) then Y(1) <= X(2) else X(1) <= Y(2));

   function Img (X: Range_T) return String is
     (" [" & X(1)'Img & X(2)'Img & " ] ");

   procedure Test (X, Y: Range_T; Expect: Boolean) is
      B: Boolean := Overlap (X, Y);
   begin
      Put_Line
        (Img (X) & " and " & Img (Y) &
         (if B then " overlap .......... "
               else " do not overlap ... ") &
         (if B = Expect then "PASS" else "FAIL"));
   end;
         
begin
   Test ( (1, 2), (2, 3), True);  --  chained
   Test ( (2, 3), (1, 2), True);

   Test ( (4, 9), (5, 7), True);  --  inside
   Test ( (5, 7), (4, 9), True);

   Test ( (1, 5), (3, 7), True);  --  proper overlap
   Test ( (3, 7), (1, 5), True);

   Test ( (1, 2), (3, 4), False);  -- back to back
   Test ( (3, 4), (1, 2), False);

   Test ( (1, 2), (5, 7), False);  -- disjoint
   Test ( (5, 7), (1, 2), False);
end;

以上程序输出:

 [ 1 2 ]  and  [ 2 3 ]  overlap .......... PASS
 [ 2 3 ]  and  [ 1 2 ]  overlap .......... PASS
 [ 4 9 ]  and  [ 5 7 ]  overlap .......... PASS
 [ 5 7 ]  and  [ 4 9 ]  overlap .......... PASS
 [ 1 5 ]  and  [ 3 7 ]  overlap .......... PASS
 [ 3 7 ]  and  [ 1 5 ]  overlap .......... PASS
 [ 1 2 ]  and  [ 3 4 ]  do not overlap ... PASS
 [ 3 4 ]  and  [ 1 2 ]  do not overlap ... PASS
 [ 1 2 ]  and  [ 5 7 ]  do not overlap ... PASS
 [ 5 7 ]  and  [ 1 2 ]  do not overlap ... PASS

我想问题是关于最快的代码，而不是最短的代码。最快的版本必须避免分支，所以我们可以这样写:

对于简单的例子:

static inline bool check_ov1(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2){
    // insetead of x1 < y2 && y1 < x2
    return (bool)(((unsigned int)((y1-x2)&(x1-y2))) >> (sizeof(int)*8-1));
};

或者，对于这种情况:

static inline bool check_ov2(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2){
    // insetead of x1 <= y2 && y1 <= x2
    return (bool)((((unsigned int)((x2-y1)|(y2-x1))) >> (sizeof(int)*8-1))^1);
};