在编程接口时,我发现我做了很多强制转换或对象类型转换。

这两种转换方法有什么区别吗?如果是的话,是否有成本差异,或者这对我的程序有什么影响?

public interface IMyInterface
{
    void AMethod();
}

public class MyClass : IMyInterface
{
    public void AMethod()
    {
       //Do work
    }

    // Other helper methods....
}

public class Implementation
{
    IMyInterface _MyObj;
    MyClass _myCls1;
    MyClass _myCls2;

    public Implementation()
    {
        _MyObj = new MyClass();

        // What is the difference here:
        _myCls1 = (MyClass)_MyObj;
        _myCls2 = (_MyObj as MyClass);
    }
}

另外,“一般来说”首选的方法是什么?


当前回答

我的答案只是在我们不检查类型和转换后不检查null的情况下的速度。我在Jon Skeet的代码中添加了两个额外的测试:

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

class Test
{
    const int Size = 30000000;

    static void Main()
    {
        object[] values = new object[Size];

        for (int i = 0; i < Size; i++)
        {
            values[i] = "x";
        }
        FindLengthWithIsAndCast(values);
        FindLengthWithIsAndAs(values);
        FindLengthWithAsAndNullCheck(values);

        FindLengthWithCast(values);
        FindLengthWithAs(values);

        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    static void FindLengthWithIsAndCast(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            if (o is string)
            {
                string a = (string)o;
                len += a.Length;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Is and Cast: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }

    static void FindLengthWithIsAndAs(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            if (o is string)
            {
                string a = o as string;
                len += a.Length;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Is and As: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }

    static void FindLengthWithAsAndNullCheck(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            string a = o as string;
            if (a != null)
            {
                len += a.Length;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("As and null check: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }
    static void FindLengthWithCast(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            string a = (string)o;
            len += a.Length;
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Cast: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }

    static void FindLengthWithAs(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            string a = o as string;
            len += a.Length;
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("As: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }
}

结果:

Is and Cast: 30000000 : 88
Is and As: 30000000 : 93
As and null check: 30000000 : 56
Cast: 30000000 : 66
As: 30000000 : 46

不要像我一样专注于速度,因为所有这些都是非常非常快的。

其他回答

这取决于,你想检查null后使用"as"或你更喜欢你的应用程序抛出一个异常?

我的经验法则是,如果我总是期望变量在我想要的时候是我期望的类型,我就使用强制转换。如果变量可能不会强制转换为我想要的,并且我准备从使用as处理空值,那么我将使用as。

这并不能回答你的问题,但我认为这是一个重要的相关点。

如果你正在为一个接口编程,你不应该需要强制转换。希望这种类型的演员很少。如果不是,您可能需要重新考虑一些接口。

我的答案只是在我们不检查类型和转换后不检查null的情况下的速度。我在Jon Skeet的代码中添加了两个额外的测试:

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

class Test
{
    const int Size = 30000000;

    static void Main()
    {
        object[] values = new object[Size];

        for (int i = 0; i < Size; i++)
        {
            values[i] = "x";
        }
        FindLengthWithIsAndCast(values);
        FindLengthWithIsAndAs(values);
        FindLengthWithAsAndNullCheck(values);

        FindLengthWithCast(values);
        FindLengthWithAs(values);

        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    static void FindLengthWithIsAndCast(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            if (o is string)
            {
                string a = (string)o;
                len += a.Length;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Is and Cast: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }

    static void FindLengthWithIsAndAs(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            if (o is string)
            {
                string a = o as string;
                len += a.Length;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Is and As: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }

    static void FindLengthWithAsAndNullCheck(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            string a = o as string;
            if (a != null)
            {
                len += a.Length;
            }
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("As and null check: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }
    static void FindLengthWithCast(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            string a = (string)o;
            len += a.Length;
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Cast: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }

    static void FindLengthWithAs(object[] values)
    {
        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        int len = 0;
        foreach (object o in values)
        {
            string a = o as string;
            len += a.Length;
        }
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("As: {0} : {1}", len,
                          (long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }
}

结果:

Is and Cast: 30000000 : 88
Is and As: 30000000 : 93
As and null check: 30000000 : 56
Cast: 30000000 : 66
As: 30000000 : 46

不要像我一样专注于速度,因为所有这些都是非常非常快的。

如果转换失败,'as'关键字不会抛出异常;它将变量设置为null(或为值类型的默认值)。

这不是对问题的回答,而是对问题代码示例的注释:

通常你不需要强制转换一个对象,例如IMyInterface到MyClass。接口的伟大之处在于,如果你把一个对象作为实现接口的输入,那么你就不需要关心你得到的是什么类型的对象。

如果你将IMyInterface转换为MyClass,那么你已经假设你得到了一个MyClass类型的对象,使用IMyInterface是没有意义的,因为如果你用其他实现IMyInterface的类来填充你的代码,它会破坏你的代码……

现在,我的建议是:如果你的接口设计得很好,你可以避免大量的类型转换。