在编程接口时，我发现我做了很多强制转换或对象类型转换。
这两种转换方法有什么区别吗?如果是的话，是否有成本差异，或者这对我的程序有什么影响?
public interface IMyInterface
{
void AMethod();
}
public class MyClass : IMyInterface
{
public void AMethod()
{
//Do work
}
// Other helper methods....
}
public class Implementation
{
IMyInterface _MyObj;
MyClass _myCls1;
MyClass _myCls2;
public Implementation()
{
_MyObj = new MyClass();
// What is the difference here:
_myCls1 = (MyClass)_MyObj;
_myCls2 = (_MyObj as MyClass);
}
}
另外，“一般来说”首选的方法是什么?
我的答案只是在我们不检查类型和转换后不检查null的情况下的速度。我在Jon Skeet的代码中添加了两个额外的测试:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
class Test
{
const int Size = 30000000;
static void Main()
{
object[] values = new object[Size];
for (int i = 0; i < Size; i++)
{
values[i] = "x";
}
FindLengthWithIsAndCast(values);
FindLengthWithIsAndAs(values);
FindLengthWithAsAndNullCheck(values);
FindLengthWithCast(values);
FindLengthWithAs(values);
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void FindLengthWithIsAndCast(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int len = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
if (o is string)
{
string a = (string)o;
len += a.Length;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Is and Cast: {0} : {1}", len,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindLengthWithIsAndAs(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int len = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
if (o is string)
{
string a = o as string;
len += a.Length;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Is and As: {0} : {1}", len,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindLengthWithAsAndNullCheck(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int len = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
string a = o as string;
if (a != null)
{
len += a.Length;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("As and null check: {0} : {1}", len,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindLengthWithCast(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int len = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
string a = (string)o;
len += a.Length;
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Cast: {0} : {1}", len,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
static void FindLengthWithAs(object[] values)
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int len = 0;
foreach (object o in values)
{
string a = o as string;
len += a.Length;
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("As: {0} : {1}", len,
(long)sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
}
结果:
Is and Cast: 30000000 : 88
Is and As: 30000000 : 93
As and null check: 30000000 : 56
Cast: 30000000 : 66
As: 30000000 : 46
不要像我一样专注于速度，因为所有这些都是非常非常快的。
除了这里已经暴露的所有内容，我刚刚发现了一个我认为值得注意的实际差异，在显式选角之间
var x = (T) ...
相对于使用as操作符。
下面是例子:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster<string>(12345));
Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster<object>(new { a = 100, b = "string" }) ?? "null");
Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster<double>(20.4));
//prints:
//12345
//null
//20.4
Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster2<string>(12345));
Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster2<object>(new { a = 100, b = "string" }) ?? "null");
//will not compile -> 20.4 does not comply due to the type constraint "T : class"
//Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster2<double>(20.4));
}
static T GenericCaster<T>(object value, T defaultValue = default(T))
{
T castedValue;
try
{
castedValue = (T) Convert.ChangeType(value, typeof(T));
}
catch (Exception)
{
castedValue = defaultValue;
}
return castedValue;
}
static T GenericCaster2<T>(object value, T defaultValue = default(T)) where T : class
{
T castedValue;
try
{
castedValue = Convert.ChangeType(value, typeof(T)) as T;
}
catch (Exception)
{
castedValue = defaultValue;
}
return castedValue;
}
}
底线:GenericCaster2不能用于结构类型。GenericCaster意志。
如果您使用针对。net Framework 4的Office PIAs。X你应该使用as关键字，否则它将无法编译。
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.Application o = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.Application();
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.MailItem m = o.CreateItem(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.OlItemType.olMailItem) as Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.MailItem;
当目标是。net 2.0时，强制转换是可以的:
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.MailItem m = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.MailItem)o.CreateItem(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Outlook.OlItemType.olMailItem);
当目标是。net 4时。X的误差为:
缺少编译器需要的成员'Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Binder.Convert'
缺少编译器需要的成员'Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo.Create'
