如何在Java中声明和初始化数组?
当前回答
有时我用它来初始化字符串数组:
private static final String[] PROPS = "lastStart,storetime,tstore".split(",");
它以更昂贵的初始化为代价,减少了报价混乱。
其他回答
您可以使用数组声明或数组文字(但仅当您立即声明并影响变量时,数组文字不能用于重新分配数组)。
对于基本类型:
int[] myIntArray = new int[3]; // each element of the array is initialised to 0
int[] myIntArray = {1, 2, 3};
int[] myIntArray = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
// Since Java 8. Doc of IntStream: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/IntStream.html
int [] myIntArray = IntStream.range(0, 100).toArray(); // From 0 to 99
int [] myIntArray = IntStream.rangeClosed(0, 100).toArray(); // From 0 to 100
int [] myIntArray = IntStream.of(12,25,36,85,28,96,47).toArray(); // The order is preserved.
int [] myIntArray = IntStream.of(12,25,36,85,28,96,47).sorted().toArray(); // Sort
对于类,例如String,它是相同的:
String[] myStringArray = new String[3]; // each element is initialised to null
String[] myStringArray = {"a", "b", "c"};
String[] myStringArray = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
当您首先声明一个数组,然后初始化它,将一个数组作为函数参数传递,或者返回一个数组时,第三种初始化方法非常有用。需要显式类型。
String[] myStringArray;
myStringArray = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
有时我用它来初始化字符串数组:
private static final String[] PROPS = "lastStart,storetime,tstore".split(",");
它以更昂贵的初始化为代价,减少了报价混乱。
公告
一维阵列
int[] nums1; // best practice
int []nums2;
int nums3[];
多维数组
int[][] nums1; // best practice
int [][]nums2;
int[] []nums3;
int[] nums4[];
int nums5[][];
声明和初始化
一维阵列
使用默认值
int[] nums = new int[3]; // [0, 0, 0]
Object[] objects = new Object[3]; // [null, null, null]
带数组文字
int[] nums1 = {1, 2, 3};
int[] nums2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
Object[] objects1 = {new Object(), new Object(), new Object()};
Object[] objects2 = new Object[]{new Object(), new Object(), new Object()};
带有循环
int[] nums = new int[3];
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
nums[i] = i; // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
}
Object[] objects = new Object[3];
for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
objects[i] = new Object(); // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
}
带循环for和Random
int[] nums = new int[10];
Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
nums[i] = random.nextInt(10); // random int from 0 to 9
}
使用流(从Java 8开始)
int[] nums1 = IntStream.range(0, 3)
.toArray(); // [0, 1, 2]
int[] nums2 = IntStream.rangeClosed(0, 3)
.toArray(); // [0, 1, 2, 3]
int[] nums3 = IntStream.of(10, 11, 12, 13)
.toArray(); // [10, 11, 12, 13]
int[] nums4 = IntStream.of(12, 11, 13, 10)
.sorted()
.toArray(); // [10, 11, 12, 13]
int[] nums5 = IntStream.iterate(0, x -> x <= 3, x -> x + 1)
.toArray(); // [0, 1, 2, 3]
int[] nums6 = IntStream.iterate(0, x -> x + 1)
.takeWhile(x -> x < 3)
.toArray(); // [0, 1, 2]
int size = 3;
Object[] objects1 = IntStream.range(0, size)
.mapToObj(i -> new Object()) // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
.toArray(Object[]::new);
Object[] objects2 = Stream.generate(() -> new Object()) // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
.limit(size)
.toArray(Object[]::new);
使用Random和Stream(从Java 8开始)
int size = 3;
int randomNumberOrigin = -10;
int randomNumberBound = 10
int[] nums = new Random().ints(size, randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).toArray();
多维数组
使用默认值
int[][] nums = new int[3][3]; // [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
Object[][] objects = new Object[3][3]; // [[null, null, null], [null, null, null], [null, null, null]]
带数组文字
int[][] nums1 = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
int[][] nums2 = new int[][]{
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
Object[][] objects1 = {
{new Object(), new Object(), new Object()},
{new Object(), new Object(), new Object()},
{new Object(), new Object(), new Object()}
};
Object[][] objects2 = new Object[][]{
{new Object(), new Object(), new Object()},
{new Object(), new Object(), new Object()},
{new Object(), new Object(), new Object()}
};
带有循环
int[][] nums = new int[3][3];
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < nums[i].length; i++) {
nums[i][j] = i + j; // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
}
}
Object[][] objects = new Object[3][3];
for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < nums[i].length; i++) {
objects[i][j] = new Object(); // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
}
}
制作阵列有两种主要方法:
对于空数组:
int[] array = new int[n]; // "n" being the number of spaces to allocate in the array
对于一个初始化的数组:
int[] array = {1,2,3,4 ...};
您还可以创建多维数组,如下所示:
int[][] array2d = new int[x][y]; // "x" and "y" specify the dimensions
int[][] array2d = { {1,2,3 ...}, {4,5,6 ...} ...};
下面显示了数组的声明,但未初始化数组:
int[] myIntArray = new int[3];
下面显示了数组的声明和初始化:
int[] myIntArray = {1,2,3};
现在,下面还显示了数组的声明和初始化:
int[] myIntArray = new int[]{1,2,3};
但第三个显示了匿名数组对象创建的属性,该属性由引用变量“myIntArray”指向,因此如果我们只写“newint[]{1,2,3};”,那么这就是如何创建匿名数组对象。
如果我们只写:
int[] myIntArray;
这不是数组的声明,但以下语句使上述声明完成:
myIntArray=new int[3];
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