上面已经给出了简短而甜蜜的答案。我想提供一些与Java相比的实际实现。

 class test(object):
        def __init__(self, a, b, c):
            self.a = a
            self.b = b
            self.c = c
        def __call__(self, a, b, c):
            self.a = a
            self.b = b
            self.c = c


    instance1 = test(1, 2, 3)
    print(instance1.a) #prints 1

    #scenario 1
    #creating new instance instance1
    #instance1 = test(13, 3, 4)
    #print(instance1.a) #prints 13


    #scenario 2
    #modifying the already created instance **instance1**
    instance1(13,3,4)
    print(instance1.a)#prints 13

注意:场景1和场景2在结果输出方面似乎是相同的。 但是在场景1中，我们再次创建另一个新实例instance1。在scenario2, 我们只需修改已经创建的instance1。__call__在这里是有益的，因为系统不需要创建新的实例。

在Java中等价

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test.TestInnerClass testInnerClass = new Test(). new TestInnerClass(1, 2, 3);
        System.out.println(testInnerClass.a);

        //creating new instance **testInnerClass**
        testInnerClass = new Test().new TestInnerClass(13, 3, 4);
        System.out.println(testInnerClass.a);

        //modifying already created instance **testInnerClass**
        testInnerClass.a = 5;
        testInnerClass.b = 14;
        testInnerClass.c = 23;

        //in python, above three lines is done by testInnerClass(5, 14, 23). For this, we must define __call__ method

    }

    class TestInnerClass /* non-static inner class */{

        private int a, b,c;

        TestInnerClass(int a, int b, int c) {
            this.a = a;
            this.b = b;
            this.c = c;
        }
    }
}

>>> class A:
...     def __init__(self):
...         print "From init ... "
... 
>>> a = A()
From init ... 
>>> a()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: A instance has no __call__ method
>>> 
>>> class B:
...     def __init__(self):
...         print "From init ... "
...     def __call__(self):
...         print "From call ... "
... 
>>> b = B()
From init ... 
>>> b()
From call ... 
>>> 

定义自定义__call__()方法允许将类的实例作为函数调用，而不总是修改实例本身。

In [1]: class A:
   ...:     def __init__(self):
   ...:         print "init"
   ...:         
   ...:     def __call__(self):
   ...:         print "call"
   ...:         
   ...:         

In [2]: a = A()
init

In [3]: a()
call

方法用于使对象像函数一样工作。

>>> class A:
...     def __init__(self):
...         print "From init ... "
... 
>>> a = A()
From init ... 
>>> a()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: A instance has no __call__ method

<*There is no __call__ method so it doesn't act like function and throws error.*>

>>> 
>>> class B:
...     def __init__(self):
...         print "From init ... "
...     def __call__(self):
...         print "From call it is a function ... "
... 
>>> b = B()
From init ... 
>>> b()
From call it is a function... 
>>> 

<* __call__ method made object "b" to act like function *>

我们也可以把它传递给一个类变量。

class B:
    a = A()
    def __init__(self):
       print "From init ... "

在Python中，函数是一级对象，这意味着:函数引用可以在输入中传递给其他函数和/或方法，并在它们内部执行。

类的实例(又名对象)，可以像函数一样对待:将它们传递给其他方法/函数并调用它们。为了实现这一点，__call__类函数必须特殊化。

Def __call__(self， [args…]) 它接受可变数量的参数作为输入。假设x是类x的实例，x.__call__(1,2)类似于将x(1,2)或实例本身作为函数调用。

在Python中，__init__()被正确地定义为类构造函数(以及__del__()是类析构函数)。因此，在__init__()和__call__()之间有一个净区别:第一个创建Class的实例，第二个使该实例可以像函数一样被调用，而不会影响对象本身的生命周期(即__call__不影响构建/销毁生命周期)，但它可以修改其内部状态(如下所示)。

的例子。

class Stuff(object):

    def __init__(self, x, y, range):
        super(Stuff, self).__init__()
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.range = range

    def __call__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        print '__call__ with (%d,%d)' % (self.x, self.y)

    def __del__(self):
        del self.x
        del self.y
        del self.range

>>> s = Stuff(1, 2, 3)
>>> s.x
1
>>> s(7, 8)
__call__ with (7,8)
>>> s.x
7

因此，当你创建任何类的实例并初始化实例变量时，__init__也会被调用。

例子:

class User:

    def __init__(self,first_n,last_n,age):
        self.first_n = first_n
        self.last_n = last_n
        self.age = age

user1 = User("Jhone","Wrick","40")

当你像调用其他函数一样调用对象时，会调用__call__。

例子:

class USER:
    def __call__(self,arg):
        "todo here"
         print(f"I am in __call__ with arg : {arg} ")


user1=USER()
user1("One") #calling the object user1 and that's gonna call __call__ dunder functions