因此，当你创建任何类的实例并初始化实例变量时，__init__也会被调用。

例子:

class User:

    def __init__(self,first_n,last_n,age):
        self.first_n = first_n
        self.last_n = last_n
        self.age = age

user1 = User("Jhone","Wrick","40")

当你像调用其他函数一样调用对象时，会调用__call__。

例子:

class USER:
    def __call__(self,arg):
        "todo here"
         print(f"I am in __call__ with arg : {arg} ")


user1=USER()
user1("One") #calling the object user1 and that's gonna call __call__ dunder functions

>>> class A:
...     def __init__(self):
...         print "From init ... "
... 
>>> a = A()
From init ... 
>>> a()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: A instance has no __call__ method
>>> 
>>> class B:
...     def __init__(self):
...         print "From init ... "
...     def __call__(self):
...         print "From call ... "
... 
>>> b = B()
From init ... 
>>> b()
From call ... 
>>> 

__init__是Python类中的一个特殊方法，它是类的构造函数方法。每当构造类的对象时调用它，或者我们可以说它初始化了一个新对象。 例子:

    In [4]: class A:
   ...:     def __init__(self, a):
   ...:         print(a)
   ...:
   ...: a = A(10) # An argument is necessary
10

如果我们使用A()，它会给出一个错误 TypeError: __init__()缺少一个必需的位置参数:'a'，因为它需要一个参数a，因为__init__。

……

当在Class中实现__call__时，可以帮助我们将Class实例作为函数调用调用。

例子:

In [6]: class B:
   ...:     def __call__(self,b):
   ...:         print(b)
   ...:
   ...: b = B() # Note we didn't pass any arguments here
   ...: b(20)   # Argument passed when the object is called
   ...:
20

这里如果我们使用B()，它运行得很好，因为它在这里没有__init__函数。

我们可以使用调用方法来使用其他类方法作为静态方法。

class _Callable:
    def __init__(self, anycallable):
        self.__call__ = anycallable

class Model:

    def get_instance(conn, table_name):

        """ do something"""

    get_instance = _Callable(get_instance)

provs_fac = Model.get_instance(connection, "users")  

方法用于使对象像函数一样工作。

>>> class A:
...     def __init__(self):
...         print "From init ... "
... 
>>> a = A()
From init ... 
>>> a()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: A instance has no __call__ method

<*There is no __call__ method so it doesn't act like function and throws error.*>

>>> 
>>> class B:
...     def __init__(self):
...         print "From init ... "
...     def __call__(self):
...         print "From call it is a function ... "
... 
>>> b = B()
From init ... 
>>> b()
From call it is a function... 
>>> 

<* __call__ method made object "b" to act like function *>

我们也可以把它传递给一个类变量。

class B:
    a = A()
    def __init__(self):
       print "From init ... "

第一个用于初始化新创建的对象，并接收用于初始化的参数:

class Foo:
    def __init__(self, a, b, c):
        # ...

x = Foo(1, 2, 3) # __init__

第二部分实现函数调用操作符。

class Foo:
    def __call__(self, a, b, c):
        # ...

x = Foo()
x(1, 2, 3) # __call__