通常情况下，人们会期望性能损失在另一个方向上。递归调用会导致构建额外的堆栈帧;对此的惩罚各不相同。此外，在一些语言中，如Python(更准确地说，是在某些语言的某些实现中……)，对于递归指定的任务，您可能很容易遇到堆栈限制，例如在树状数据结构中查找最大值。在这些情况下，你应该坚持使用循环。

编写好的递归函数可以在一定程度上降低性能损失，前提是你有一个优化尾部递归的编译器，等等(还要再次检查，确保函数真的是尾部递归——这是许多人都会犯的错误之一)。

除了“边缘”情况(高性能计算、非常大的递归深度等)之外，最好采用最清楚地表达您的意图、设计良好且可维护的方法。仅在确定需求后进行优化。

把它写成递归，或者作为练习，可能会很有趣。

但是，如果要在生产中使用该代码，则需要考虑堆栈溢出的可能性。

尾递归优化可以消除堆栈溢出，但是您是否想要经历这样的麻烦，并且您需要知道您可以指望它在您的环境中进行优化。

每次算法递归，数据大小或n减少了多少?

If you are reducing the size of data or n by half every time you recurse, then in general you don't need to worry about stack overflow. Say, if it needs to be 4,000 level deep or 10,000 level deep for the program to stack overflow, then your data size need to be roughly 24000 for your program to stack overflow. To put that into perspective, a biggest storage device recently can hold 261 bytes, and if you have 261 of such devices, you are only dealing with 2122 data size. If you are looking at all the atoms in the universe, it is estimated that it may be less than 284. If you need to deal with all the data in the universe and their states for every millisecond since the birth of the universe estimated to be 14 billion years ago, it may only be 2153. So if your program can handle 24000 units of data or n, you can handle all data in the universe and the program will not stack overflow. If you don't need to deal with numbers that are as big as 24000 (a 4000-bit integer), then in general you don't need to worry about stack overflow.

但是，如果每次递归时都将数据或n的大小减小一个常数，那么当n仅变为20000时，就会遇到堆栈溢出。也就是说，当n为1000时，程序运行良好，你认为程序很好，然后在未来的某个时候，当n为5000或20000时，程序堆栈溢出。

所以如果你有堆栈溢出的可能，试着让它成为一个迭代的解决方案。

If the iterations are atomic and orders of magnitude more expensive than pushing a new stack frame and creating a new thread and you have multiple cores and your runtime environment can use all of them, then a recursive approach could yield a huge performance boost when combined with multithreading. If the average number of iterations is not predictable then it might be a good idea to use a thread pool which will control thread allocation and prevent your process from creating too many threads and hogging the system.

例如，在某些语言中，存在递归多线程归并排序实现。

但同样，多线程可以与循环而不是递归一起使用，因此这种组合的工作效果取决于更多因素，包括操作系统及其线程分配机制。

Your performance deteriorates when using recursion because calling a method, in any language, implies a lot of preparation: the calling code posts a return address, call parameters, some other context information such as processor registers might be saved somewhere, and at return time the called method posts a return value which is then retrieved by the caller, and any context information that was previously saved will be restored. the performance diff between an iterative and a recursive approach lies in the time these operations take.

从实现的角度来看，当处理调用上下文所需的时间与执行方法所需的时间相当时，您才真正开始注意到差异。如果递归方法的执行时间比调用上下文管理部分要长，那么就采用递归方法，因为代码通常更易于阅读和理解，而且不会注意到性能损失。否则，出于效率考虑，可以进行迭代。

你必须记住，使用太深的递归，你会遇到堆栈溢出，这取决于允许的堆栈大小。为了防止这种情况，请确保提供一些基本情况，以结束递归。

这取决于语言。在Java中，你应该使用循环。函数式语言优化递归。