你如何从给定的N个数字中测试所有可能的加法组合，使它们加起来得到给定的最终数字?
一个简单的例子:
要添加的数字集:N ={1,5,22,15,0，…} 期望结果:12345
当前回答
这类似于硬币更换问题
public class CoinCount
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] coins={1,4,6,2,3,5};
int count=0;
for (int i=0;i<coins.length;i++)
{
count=count+Count(9,coins,i,0);
}
System.out.println(count);
}
public static int Count(int Sum,int[] coins,int index,int curSum)
{
int count=0;
if (index>=coins.length)
return 0;
int sumNow=curSum+coins[index];
if (sumNow>Sum)
return 0;
if (sumNow==Sum)
return 1;
for (int i= index+1;i<coins.length;i++)
count+=Count(Sum,coins,i,sumNow);
return count;
}
}
其他回答
下面是一个Java版本，它非常适合小N和非常大的目标和，当复杂度O(t*N)(动态解)大于指数算法时。我的版本在中间攻击中使用了一个meet，并进行了一些调整，以降低复杂度，从经典的naive O(n*2^n)降低到O(2^(n/2))。
如果你想在32到64个元素之间的集合中使用这种方法，你应该将表示step函数中当前子集的int改为long，尽管随着集合大小的增加，性能显然会急剧下降。如果你想对一个有奇数个元素的集合使用这个，你应该给这个集合加上一个0，使它成为偶数。
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class SubsetSumMiddleAttack {
static final int target = 100000000;
static final int[] set = new int[]{ ... };
static List<Subset> evens = new ArrayList<>();
static List<Subset> odds = new ArrayList<>();
static int[][] split(int[] superSet) {
int[][] ret = new int[2][superSet.length / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < superSet.length; i++) ret[i % 2][i / 2] = superSet[i];
return ret;
}
static void step(int[] superSet, List<Subset> accumulator, int subset, int sum, int counter) {
accumulator.add(new Subset(subset, sum));
if (counter != superSet.length) {
step(superSet, accumulator, subset + (1 << counter), sum + superSet[counter], counter + 1);
step(superSet, accumulator, subset, sum, counter + 1);
}
}
static void printSubset(Subset e, Subset o) {
String ret = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
if ((1 & (e.subset >> (i / 2))) == 1) ret += " + " + set[i];
}
else {
if ((1 & (o.subset >> (i / 2))) == 1) ret += " + " + set[i];
}
}
if (ret.startsWith(" ")) ret = ret.substring(3) + " = " + (e.sum + o.sum);
System.out.println(ret);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] superSets = split(set);
step(superSets[0], evens, 0,0,0);
step(superSets[1], odds, 0,0,0);
for (Subset e : evens) {
for (Subset o : odds) {
if (e.sum + o.sum == target) printSubset(e, o);
}
}
}
}
class Subset {
int subset;
int sum;
Subset(int subset, int sum) {
this.subset = subset;
this.sum = sum;
}
}
下面是一个更好的版本，具有更好的输出格式和c++ 11特性:
void subset_sum_rec(std::vector<int> & nums, const int & target, std::vector<int> & partialNums)
{
int currentSum = std::accumulate(partialNums.begin(), partialNums.end(), 0);
if (currentSum > target)
return;
if (currentSum == target)
{
std::cout << "sum([";
for (auto it = partialNums.begin(); it != std::prev(partialNums.end()); ++it)
cout << *it << ",";
cout << *std::prev(partialNums.end());
std::cout << "])=" << target << std::endl;
}
for (auto it = nums.begin(); it != nums.end(); ++it)
{
std::vector<int> remaining;
for (auto it2 = std::next(it); it2 != nums.end(); ++it2)
remaining.push_back(*it2);
std::vector<int> partial = partialNums;
partial.push_back(*it);
subset_sum_rec(remaining, target, partial);
}
}
function solve(n){
let DP = [];
DP[0] = DP[1] = DP[2] = 1;
DP[3] = 2;
for (let i = 4; i <= n; i++) {
DP[i] = DP[i-1] + DP[i-3] + DP[i-4];
}
return DP[n]
}
console.log(solve(5))
这是JS的一个动态解决方案，告诉任何人有多少种方法可以得到一定的总和。如果考虑到时间和空间的复杂性，这可能是正确的解决方案。
Java非递归版本，简单地添加元素并在可能的值之间重新分配它们。0被忽略，适用于固定的列表(给定的是您可以使用的)或可重复的数字列表。
import java.util.*;
public class TestCombinations {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<Integer> numbers = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2, 2, 5, 10, 20));
LinkedHashSet<Integer> targets = new LinkedHashSet<Integer>() {{
add(4);
add(10);
add(25);
}};
System.out.println("## each element can appear as many times as needed");
for (Integer target: targets) {
Combinations combinations = new Combinations(numbers, target, true);
combinations.calculateCombinations();
for (String solution: combinations.getCombinations()) {
System.out.println(solution);
}
}
System.out.println("## each element can appear only once");
for (Integer target: targets) {
Combinations combinations = new Combinations(numbers, target, false);
combinations.calculateCombinations();
for (String solution: combinations.getCombinations()) {
System.out.println(solution);
}
}
}
public static class Combinations {
private boolean allowRepetitions;
private int[] repetitions;
private ArrayList<Integer> numbers;
private Integer target;
private Integer sum;
private boolean hasNext;
private Set<String> combinations;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param numbers Numbers that can be used to calculate the sum.
* @param target Target value for sum.
*/
public Combinations(ArrayList<Integer> numbers, Integer target) {
this(numbers, target, true);
}
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param numbers Numbers that can be used to calculate the sum.
* @param target Target value for sum.
*/
public Combinations(ArrayList<Integer> numbers, Integer target, boolean allowRepetitions) {
this.allowRepetitions = allowRepetitions;
if (this.allowRepetitions) {
Set<Integer> numbersSet = new HashSet<>(numbers);
this.numbers = new ArrayList<>(numbersSet);
} else {
this.numbers = numbers;
}
this.numbers.removeAll(Arrays.asList(0));
Collections.sort(this.numbers);
this.target = target;
this.repetitions = new int[this.numbers.size()];
this.combinations = new LinkedHashSet<>();
this.sum = 0;
if (this.repetitions.length > 0)
this.hasNext = true;
else
this.hasNext = false;
}
/**
* Calculate and return the sum of the current combination.
*
* @return The sum.
*/
private Integer calculateSum() {
this.sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < repetitions.length; ++i) {
this.sum += repetitions[i] * numbers.get(i);
}
return this.sum;
}
/**
* Redistribute picks when only one of each number is allowed in the sum.
*/
private void redistribute() {
for (int i = 1; i < this.repetitions.length; ++i) {
if (this.repetitions[i - 1] > 1) {
this.repetitions[i - 1] = 0;
this.repetitions[i] += 1;
}
}
if (this.repetitions[this.repetitions.length - 1] > 1)
this.repetitions[this.repetitions.length - 1] = 0;
}
/**
* Get the sum of the next combination. When 0 is returned, there's no other combinations to check.
*
* @return The sum.
*/
private Integer next() {
if (this.hasNext && this.repetitions.length > 0) {
this.repetitions[0] += 1;
if (!this.allowRepetitions)
this.redistribute();
this.calculateSum();
for (int i = 0; i < this.repetitions.length && this.sum != 0; ++i) {
if (this.sum > this.target) {
this.repetitions[i] = 0;
if (i + 1 < this.repetitions.length) {
this.repetitions[i + 1] += 1;
if (!this.allowRepetitions)
this.redistribute();
}
this.calculateSum();
}
}
if (this.sum.compareTo(0) == 0)
this.hasNext = false;
}
return this.sum;
}
/**
* Calculate all combinations whose sum equals target.
*/
public void calculateCombinations() {
while (this.hasNext) {
if (this.next().compareTo(target) == 0)
this.combinations.add(this.toString());
}
}
/**
* Return all combinations whose sum equals target.
*
* @return Combinations as a set of strings.
*/
public Set<String> getCombinations() {
return this.combinations;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("" + sum + ": ");
for (int i = 0; i < repetitions.length; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < repetitions[i]; ++j) {
stringBuilder.append(numbers.get(i) + " ");
}
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
}
}
样例输入:
numbers: 0, 1, 2, 2, 5, 10, 20
targets: 4, 10, 25
样例输出:
## each element can appear as many times as needed
4: 1 1 1 1
4: 1 1 2
4: 2 2
10: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
10: 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
10: 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
10: 1 1 2 2 2 2
10: 2 2 2 2 2
10: 1 1 1 1 1 5
10: 1 1 1 2 5
10: 1 2 2 5
10: 5 5
10: 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5
25: 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 5 5
25: 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 2 5 5 5 5
25: 1 2 2 5 5 5 5
25: 5 5 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 10
25: 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 10
25: 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 10
25: 2 2 2 2 2 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 10
25: 1 1 1 2 5 5 10
25: 1 2 2 5 5 10
25: 5 5 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 10 10
25: 1 1 1 2 10 10
25: 1 2 2 10 10
25: 5 10 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 20
25: 1 1 1 2 20
25: 1 2 2 20
25: 5 20
## each element can appear only once
4: 2 2
10: 1 2 2 5
10: 10
25: 1 2 2 20
25: 5 20
c++版本的相同算法
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
void subset_sum_recursive(std::list<int> numbers, int target, std::list<int> partial)
{
int s = 0;
for (std::list<int>::const_iterator cit = partial.begin(); cit != partial.end(); cit++)
{
s += *cit;
}
if(s == target)
{
std::cout << "sum([";
for (std::list<int>::const_iterator cit = partial.begin(); cit != partial.end(); cit++)
{
std::cout << *cit << ",";
}
std::cout << "])=" << target << std::endl;
}
if(s >= target)
return;
int n;
for (std::list<int>::const_iterator ai = numbers.begin(); ai != numbers.end(); ai++)
{
n = *ai;
std::list<int> remaining;
for(std::list<int>::const_iterator aj = ai; aj != numbers.end(); aj++)
{
if(aj == ai)continue;
remaining.push_back(*aj);
}
std::list<int> partial_rec=partial;
partial_rec.push_back(n);
subset_sum_recursive(remaining,target,partial_rec);
}
}
void subset_sum(std::list<int> numbers,int target)
{
subset_sum_recursive(numbers,target,std::list<int>());
}
int main()
{
std::list<int> a;
a.push_back (3); a.push_back (9); a.push_back (8);
a.push_back (4);
a.push_back (5);
a.push_back (7);
a.push_back (10);
int n = 15;
//std::cin >> n;
subset_sum(a, n);
return 0;
}
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