我更喜欢使用静态方法GetInstance（）来创建单例对象（也不允许任何其他方法这样做），以强调我使用的是单例设计模式。

import inspect
class SingletonMeta(type):
    __instances = {}
    GET_INSTANCE = 'GetInstance' # class method ussed to create Singleton instance

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        caller_frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back

        caller_class = caller_frame.f_locals.get('cls_ref')
        caller_method_name = caller_frame.f_code.co_name
        if caller_class is cls and \
            caller_method_name == SingletonMeta.GET_INSTANCE:
            obj = super(SingletonMeta, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            raise Exception(f"Class '{cls.__name__}' is a singleton! Use '{cls.__name__}.{SingletonMeta.GET_INSTANCE}()' to create its instance.")

        return obj

    def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):
        def GetInstance(cls_ref):
            if cls_ref not in cls_ref.__instances:
                cls_ref.__instances[cls_ref] = cls_ref()

            return cls_ref.__instances[cls_ref]
       
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, {**dct, GetInstance.__name__: classmethod(GetInstance)})
#------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    class SingletonSample1(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
        def __init__(self):
            self.__x = 1

        @property
        def x(self) -> int:
            return self.__x

        @x.setter
        def x(self, value):
            self.__x = value

    s1 = SingletonSample1.GetInstance()
    s1.x = 3

    try:
        s2 = SingletonSample1()
    Exception as error:
        print(repr(error))

经过一段时间的努力，我终于想出了以下方法，这样当从单独的模块调用时，配置对象只能加载一次。元类允许将全局类实例存储在内置dict中，目前看来这是存储适当程序全局的最整洁的方式。

import builtins

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# So..... you would expect that a class would be "global" in scope, however
#   when different modules use this,
#   EACH ONE effectively has its own class namespace.  
#   In order to get around this, we use a metaclass to intercept
#   "new" and provide the "truly global metaclass instance" if it already exists

class MetaConfig(type):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):
        try:
            class_inst = builtins.CONFIG_singleton

        except AttributeError:
            class_inst = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, dct)
            builtins.CONFIG_singleton = class_inst
            class_inst.do_load()

        return class_inst

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

class Config(metaclass=MetaConfig):

    config_attr = None

    @classmethod
    def do_load(cls):
        ...<load-cfg-from-file>...

我会把我的扔到戒指里。这是一个简单的装饰器。

from abc import ABC

def singleton(real_cls):

    class SingletonFactory(ABC):

        instance = None

        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
            if not cls.instance:
                cls.instance = real_cls(*args, **kwargs)
            return cls.instance

    SingletonFactory.register(real_cls)
    return SingletonFactory

# Usage
@singleton
class YourClass:
    ...  # Your normal implementation, no special requirements.

我认为它比其他一些解决方案有好处：

它清晰简洁（在我看来；D）。它的作用是完全封闭的。你不需要改变YourClass的实现。这包括不需要为类使用元类（请注意，上面的元类在工厂中，而不是“真实”类）。它不依赖猴子修补任何东西。它对呼叫者是透明的：调用者仍然只是简单地导入YourClass，它看起来像一个类（因为它是），并且他们正常使用它。无需使调用者适应工厂函数。YourClass（）实例化的仍然是您实现的YourClass的真实实例，而不是任何类型的代理，因此不会产生任何副作用。isinstance（例如，YourClass）和类似的操作仍按预期工作（尽管这个位确实需要abc，因此排除了Python＜2.6）。

一个缺点确实出现在我身上：真实类的类方法和静态方法不能通过隐藏它的工厂类透明地调用。我很少使用这种方法，我从来没有遇到过这种需要，但通过在工厂上使用一个自定义元类来实现__getattr__（），将所有的属性访问委托给真实类，这很容易纠正。

我实际上发现了一个更有用的相关模式（我并不是说这类事情经常需要），那就是“唯一”模式，用相同的参数实例化类会得到相同的实例。即“每个参数一个”。上述内容很好地适应了这一点，变得更加简洁：

def unique(real_cls):

    class UniqueFactory(ABC):

        @functools.lru_cache(None)  # Handy for 3.2+, but use any memoization decorator you like
        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
            return real_cls(*args, **kwargs)

    UniqueFactory.register(real_cls)
    return UniqueFactory

尽管如此，我还是同意一般的建议，如果你认为你需要这些东西中的一件，你真的应该停下来问问自己是否真的需要。

这是我自己的单线图实现。你所要做的就是装饰课堂；要获得单例，您必须使用Instance方法。下面是一个示例：

@Singleton
class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.Instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen
g = Foo.Instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

下面是代码：

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Other than that, there are
    no restrictions that apply to the decorated class.
 
    To get the singleton instance, use the `Instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    Limitations: The decorated class cannot be inherited from.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def Instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `Instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

这个怎么样：

def singleton(cls):
    instance=cls()
    cls.__new__ = cls.__call__= lambda cls: instance
    cls.__init__ = lambda self: None
    return instance

将其用作应该是单例的类的装饰器。这样地：

@singleton
class MySingleton:
    #....

这类似于另一个答案中的singleton=lambda c:c（）修饰符。与其他解决方案一样，唯一的实例具有类名（MySingleton）。然而，使用此解决方案，您仍然可以通过执行MySingleton（）从类中“创建”实例（实际上是唯一的实例）。它还防止您通过执行类型（MySingleton）（）（也返回相同的实例）来创建其他实例。

如果要将实例用作属性，可以使用元类。例如

class SingletonMeta(type):
    def __init__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        cls._instance = None
        cls._locker = threading.Lock()

    @property
    def instance(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self._instance is None:
            with self._locker:
                if self._instance is None:
                    self._instance = self(*args, **kwargs)
        return self._instance


class MyClass(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
    def __init__(self):
        # init here
        pass


# get the instance
my_class_instance = MyClass.instance