经过一段时间的努力，我终于想出了以下方法，这样当从单独的模块调用时，配置对象只能加载一次。元类允许将全局类实例存储在内置dict中，目前看来这是存储适当程序全局的最整洁的方式。

import builtins

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# So..... you would expect that a class would be "global" in scope, however
#   when different modules use this,
#   EACH ONE effectively has its own class namespace.  
#   In order to get around this, we use a metaclass to intercept
#   "new" and provide the "truly global metaclass instance" if it already exists

class MetaConfig(type):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):
        try:
            class_inst = builtins.CONFIG_singleton

        except AttributeError:
            class_inst = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, dct)
            builtins.CONFIG_singleton = class_inst
            class_inst.do_load()

        return class_inst

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

class Config(metaclass=MetaConfig):

    config_attr = None

    @classmethod
    def do_load(cls):
        ...<load-cfg-from-file>...

赞成的意见这是一个真正的类Auto神奇地覆盖继承使用元类出于正当目的（并使我意识到）有吗？

这将是串行化的问题。如果您尝试从文件（pickle）反序列化对象，它将不使用__call__，因此将创建新文件，您可以使用__new__的基类继承来防止这种情况。

使用模块。它只导入一次。在其中定义一些全局变量-它们将是单例的“属性”。添加一些函数-单例的“方法”。

这是我自己的单线图实现。你所要做的就是装饰课堂；要获得单例，您必须使用Instance方法。下面是一个示例：

@Singleton
class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.Instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen
g = Foo.Instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

下面是代码：

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Other than that, there are
    no restrictions that apply to the decorated class.
 
    To get the singleton instance, use the `Instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    Limitations: The decorated class cannot be inherited from.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def Instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `Instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

这个怎么样：

def singleton(cls):
    instance=cls()
    cls.__new__ = cls.__call__= lambda cls: instance
    cls.__init__ = lambda self: None
    return instance

将其用作应该是单例的类的装饰器。这样地：

@singleton
class MySingleton:
    #....

这类似于另一个答案中的singleton=lambda c:c（）修饰符。与其他解决方案一样，唯一的实例具有类名（MySingleton）。然而，使用此解决方案，您仍然可以通过执行MySingleton（）从类中“创建”实例（实际上是唯一的实例）。它还防止您通过执行类型（MySingleton）（）（也返回相同的实例）来创建其他实例。

方法3看起来很整洁，但如果您希望程序同时在Python2和Python3中运行，它就不起作用了。即使使用Python版本的测试来保护单独的变体也失败了，因为Python 3版本在Python 2中给出了语法错误。

感谢Mike Watkins：http://mikewatkins.ca/2008/11/29/python-2-and-3-metaclasses/.如果您希望程序同时在Python 2和Python 3中运行，则需要执行以下操作：

class Singleton(type):
    _instances = {}
    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls not in cls._instances:
            cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instances[cls]

MC = Singleton('MC', (object), {})

class MyClass(MC):
    pass    # Code for the class implementation

我假设赋值中的“object”需要替换为“BaseClass”，但我还没有尝试过（我已经尝试了如图所示的代码）。