class User(object):
    def to_dict(self):
        return dict([(k, getattr(self, k)) for k in self.__dict__.keys() if not k.startswith("_")])

这应该有用。

我不能得到一个好的答案，所以我用这个:

def row2dict(row):
    d = {}
    for column in row.__table__.columns:
        d[column.name] = str(getattr(row, column.name))

    return d

编辑:如果上面的函数太长，不适合某些口味，这里是一个一行(python 2.7+)

row2dict = lambda r: {c.name: str(getattr(r, c.name)) for c in r.__table__.columns}

有了这段代码，您还可以添加到您的查询“过滤器”或“连接”，这工作!

query = session.query(User)
def query_to_dict(query):
        def _create_dict(r):
            return {c.get('name'): getattr(r, c.get('name')) for c in query.column_descriptions}

    return [_create_dict(r) for r in query]

如OP所述，调用dict初始化器会引发一个异常，消息为“User”对象不可迭代。所以真正的问题是如何使一个SQLAlchemy模型可迭代?

We'll have to implement the special methods __iter__ and __next__, but if we inherit directly from the declarative_base model, we would still run into the undesirable "_sa_instance_state" key. What's worse, is we would have to loop through __dict__.keys() for every call to __next__ because the keys() method returns a View -- an iterable that is not indexed. This would increase the time complexity by a factor of N, where N is the number of keys in __dict__. Generating the dict would cost O(N^2). We can do better.

我们可以实现自己的基类，它实现所需的特殊方法，并存储可以通过索引访问的列名列表，从而降低生成O(N)字典的时间复杂性。这有一个额外的好处，我们可以定义一次逻辑，并在任何时候从基类继承，我们希望我们的模型类是可迭代的。

class IterableBase(declarative_base()):
    __abstract__ = True

    def _init_keys(self):
        self._keys = [c.name for c in self.__table__.columns]
        self._dict = {c.name: getattr(self, c.name) for c in self.__table__.columns}

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._init_keys()

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        super().__setattr__(name, value)
        if name not in ('_dict', '_keys', '_n') and '_dict' in self.__dict__:
            self._dict[name] = value

    def __iter__(self):
        self._n = 0
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        if self._n >= len(self._keys):
            raise StopIteration
        self._n += 1
        key = self._keys[self._n-1]
        return (key, self._dict[key])

现在User类可以直接从IterableBase类继承。

class User(IterableBase):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String)

您可以确认，以User实例作为参数调用dict函数将返回所需的字典，没有"_sa_instance_state"。你可能已经注意到在IterableBase类中声明的__setattr__方法。这确保在初始化后属性发生变化或设置时更新_dict。

def main():
    user1 = User('Bob')
    print(dict(user1))
    # outputs {'id': None, 'name': 'Bob'}
    user1.id = 42
    print(dict(user1))
    # outputs {'id': 42, 'name': 'Bob'}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

@zzzeek在评论中写道:

注意，这是现代版本的正确答案 SQLAlchemy，假设“row”是核心行对象，而不是orm映射对象 实例。

for row in resultproxy:
    row_as_dict = row._mapping  # SQLAlchemy 1.4 and greater
    # row_as_dict = dict(row)  # SQLAlchemy 1.3 and earlier

行背景。_mapping, SQLAlchemy 1.4新增:https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/stable/core/connections.html#sqlalchemy.engine.Row._mapping

from sqlalchemy.orm import class_mapper

def asdict(obj):
    return dict((col.name, getattr(obj, col.name))
                for col in class_mapper(obj.__class__).mapped_table.c)