UUID 与内置时间标签(发行器/发行器)

我在 date.now() 中的毫秒内使用时间印(在 Node.js 图书馆中,我将稍后提到,我从 process.hrtime.bigint() 中的 nanoseconds 使用时间印),然后随机添加 5 位数(10000-90000 )到时间印链的尽头。

由于我们将时间标记插入 UUID 线上,我们获得一个功能(好或坏 - 取决于任务) - 能够轻松地从 UUID 提取此时间标记。

Node.js 编辑

基准

点击此处查看JsBench

只是另一个更可读的变量,只有两个突变。

function uuid4()
{
  function hex (s, b)
  {
    return s +
      (b >>> 4   ).toString (16) +  // high nibble
      (b & 0b1111).toString (16);   // low nibble
  }

  let r = crypto.getRandomValues (new Uint8Array (16));

  r[6] = r[6] >>> 4 | 0b01000000; // Set type 4: 0100
  r[8] = r[8] >>> 3 | 0b10000000; // Set variant: 100

  return r.slice ( 0,  4).reduce (hex, '' ) +
         r.slice ( 4,  6).reduce (hex, '-') +
         r.slice ( 6,  8).reduce (hex, '-') +
         r.slice ( 8, 10).reduce (hex, '-') +
         r.slice (10, 16).reduce (hex, '-');
}

以下是基于 RFC 4122 的某些代码,第 4.4 节(从真实随机或偏随机号创建 UUID 的算法)。

function createUUID() {
    // http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt
    var s = [];
    var hexDigits = "0123456789abcdef";
    for (var i = 0; i < 36; i++) {
        s[i] = hexDigits.substr(Math.floor(Math.random() * 0x10), 1);
    }
    s[14] = "4";  // bits 12-15 of the time_hi_and_version field to 0010
    s[19] = hexDigits.substr((s[19] & 0x3) | 0x8, 1);  // bits 6-7 of the clock_seq_hi_and_reserved to 01
    s[8] = s[13] = s[18] = s[23] = "-";

    var uuid = s.join("");
    return uuid;
}

function randomHex(length) {
    var random_string = '';
    if(!length){
        length = 1;
    }
    for(var i=0; i<length; i+=1){
        random_string += Math.floor(Math.random() * 15).toString(16);
    }
    return random_string;
}

function guid() {
    return randomHex(8);
}

来自Sagi shkedy的技术博客:

function generateGuid() {
  var result, i, j;
  result = '';
  for(j=0; j<32; j++) {
    if( j == 8 || j == 12 || j == 16 || j == 20)
      result = result + '-';
    i = Math.floor(Math.random()*16).toString(16).toUpperCase();
    result = result + i;
  }
  return result;
}

还有其他方法涉及使用 ActiveX 控制,但远离这些!

我以为值得指出的是,没有GUID发电机可以保证独特的钥匙(查看维基百科文章)。总是有冲突的可能性。

下面的版本是布罗法的答案的调整,但更新,包括一个“真实”随机功能,使用加密图书馆在可用的地方,以及Alea()功能作为落后。

  Math.log2 = Math.log2 || function(n){ return Math.log(n) / Math.log(2); }
  Math.trueRandom = (function() {
  var crypt = window.crypto || window.msCrypto;

  if (crypt && crypt.getRandomValues) {
      // If we have a crypto library, use it
      var random = function(min, max) {
          var rval = 0;
          var range = max - min;
          if (range < 2) {
              return min;
          }

          var bits_needed = Math.ceil(Math.log2(range));
          if (bits_needed > 53) {
            throw new Exception("We cannot generate numbers larger than 53 bits.");
          }
          var bytes_needed = Math.ceil(bits_needed / 8);
          var mask = Math.pow(2, bits_needed) - 1;
          // 7776 -> (2^13 = 8192) -1 == 8191 or 0x00001111 11111111

          // Create byte array and fill with N random numbers
          var byteArray = new Uint8Array(bytes_needed);
          crypt.getRandomValues(byteArray);

          var p = (bytes_needed - 1) * 8;
          for(var i = 0; i < bytes_needed; i++ ) {
              rval += byteArray[i] * Math.pow(2, p);
              p -= 8;
          }

          // Use & to apply the mask and reduce the number of recursive lookups
          rval = rval & mask;

          if (rval >= range) {
              // Integer out of acceptable range
              return random(min, max);
          }
          // Return an integer that falls within the range
          return min + rval;
      }
      return function() {
          var r = random(0, 1000000000) / 1000000000;
          return r;
      };
  } else {
      // From https://web.archive.org/web/20120502223108/http://baagoe.com/en/RandomMusings/javascript/
      // Johannes Baagøe <baagoe@baagoe.com>, 2010
      function Mash() {
          var n = 0xefc8249d;

          var mash = function(data) {
              data = data.toString();
              for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                  n += data.charCodeAt(i);
                  var h = 0.02519603282416938 * n;
                  n = h >>> 0;
                  h -= n;
                  h *= n;
                  n = h >>> 0;
                  h -= n;
                  n += h * 0x100000000; // 2^32
              }
              return (n >>> 0) * 2.3283064365386963e-10; // 2^-32
          };

          mash.version = 'Mash 0.9';
          return mash;
      }

      // From http://baagoe.com/en/RandomMusings/javascript/
      function Alea() {
          return (function(args) {
              // Johannes Baagøe <baagoe@baagoe.com>, 2010
              var s0 = 0;
              var s1 = 0;
              var s2 = 0;
              var c = 1;

              if (args.length == 0) {
                  args = [+new Date()];
              }
              var mash = Mash();
              s0 = mash(' ');
              s1 = mash(' ');
              s2 = mash(' ');

              for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                  s0 -= mash(args[i]);
                  if (s0 < 0) {
                      s0 += 1;
                  }
                  s1 -= mash(args[i]);
                  if (s1 < 0) {
                      s1 += 1;
                  }
                  s2 -= mash(args[i]);
                  if (s2 < 0) {
                      s2 += 1;
                  }
              }
              mash = null;

              var random = function() {
                  var t = 2091639 * s0 + c * 2.3283064365386963e-10; // 2^-32
                  s0 = s1;
                  s1 = s2;
                  return s2 = t - (c = t | 0);
              };
              random.uint32 = function() {
                  return random() * 0x100000000; // 2^32
              };
              random.fract53 = function() {
                  return random() +
                      (random() * 0x200000 | 0) * 1.1102230246251565e-16; // 2^-53
              };
              random.version = 'Alea 0.9';
              random.args = args;
              return random;

          }(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));
      };
      return Alea();
  }
}());

Math.guid = function() {
    return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function(c)    {
      var r = Math.trueRandom() * 16 | 0,
          v = c == 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3 | 0x8);
      return v.toString(16);
  });
};