如果你仍然想像我一样独自去做，你可以链接到bfd，避免使用addr2line，就像我在这里所做的:

https://github.com/gnif/LookingGlass/blob/master/common/src/platform/linux/crash.c

这将产生输出:

[E]        crash.linux.c:170  | crit_err_hdlr                  | ==== FATAL CRASH (a12-151-g28b12c85f4+1) ====
[E]        crash.linux.c:171  | crit_err_hdlr                  | signal 11 (Segmentation fault), address is (nil)
[E]        crash.linux.c:194  | crit_err_hdlr                  | [trace]: (0) /home/geoff/Projects/LookingGlass/client/src/main.c:936 (register_key_binds)
[E]        crash.linux.c:194  | crit_err_hdlr                  | [trace]: (1) /home/geoff/Projects/LookingGlass/client/src/main.c:1069 (run)
[E]        crash.linux.c:194  | crit_err_hdlr                  | [trace]: (2) /home/geoff/Projects/LookingGlass/client/src/main.c:1314 (main)
[E]        crash.linux.c:199  | crit_err_hdlr                  | [trace]: (3) /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xeb) [0x7f8aa65f809b]
[E]        crash.linux.c:199  | crit_err_hdlr                  | [trace]: (4) ./looking-glass-client(_start+0x2a) [0x55c70fc4aeca]

除了上面的答案，这里还介绍了如何让Debian Linux操作系统生成核心转储

Create a “coredumps” folder in the user's home folder Go to /etc/security/limits.conf. Below the ' ' line, type “ soft core unlimited”, and “root soft core unlimited” if enabling core dumps for root, to allow unlimited space for core dumps. NOTE: “* soft core unlimited” does not cover root, which is why root has to be specified in its own line. To check these values, log out, log back in, and type “ulimit -a”. “Core file size” should be set to unlimited. Check the .bashrc files (user, and root if applicable) to make sure that ulimit is not set there. Otherwise, the value above will be overwritten on startup. Open /etc/sysctl.conf. Enter the following at the bottom: “kernel.core_pattern = /home//coredumps/%e_%t.dump”. (%e will be the process name, and %t will be the system time) Exit and type “sysctl -p” to load the new configuration Check /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern and verify that this matches what you just typed in. Core dumping can be tested by running a process on the command line (“ &”), and then killing it with “kill -11 ”. If core dumping is successful, you will see “(core dumped)” after the segmentation fault indication.

Linux

虽然已经有人建议使用execinfo.h中的backtrace()函数来打印堆栈跟踪并在出现分段错误时优雅地退出，但我没有看到提到确保所产生的回溯指向错误的实际位置所必需的复杂性(至少对于某些架构- x86和ARM)。

进入信号处理程序时，堆栈帧链中的前两个条目在信号处理程序中包含一个返回地址，在libc中的sigaction()中包含一个返回地址。在信号(即故障位置)之前调用的最后一个函数的堆栈帧丢失。

Code

#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#endif
#ifndef __USE_GNU
#define __USE_GNU
#endif

#include <execinfo.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ucontext.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/* This structure mirrors the one found in /usr/include/asm/ucontext.h */
typedef struct _sig_ucontext {
 unsigned long     uc_flags;
 ucontext_t        *uc_link;
 stack_t           uc_stack;
 sigcontext_t      uc_mcontext;
 sigset_t          uc_sigmask;
} sig_ucontext_t;

void crit_err_hdlr(int sig_num, siginfo_t * info, void * ucontext)
{
 void *             array[50];
 void *             caller_address;
 char **            messages;
 int                size, i;
 sig_ucontext_t *   uc;

 uc = (sig_ucontext_t *)ucontext;

 /* Get the address at the time the signal was raised */
#if defined(__i386__) // gcc specific
 caller_address = (void *) uc->uc_mcontext.eip; // EIP: x86 specific
#elif defined(__x86_64__) // gcc specific
 caller_address = (void *) uc->uc_mcontext.rip; // RIP: x86_64 specific
#else
#error Unsupported architecture. // TODO: Add support for other arch.
#endif

 fprintf(stderr, "signal %d (%s), address is %p from %p\n", 
  sig_num, strsignal(sig_num), info->si_addr, 
  (void *)caller_address);

 size = backtrace(array, 50);

 /* overwrite sigaction with caller's address */
 array[1] = caller_address;

 messages = backtrace_symbols(array, size);

 /* skip first stack frame (points here) */
 for (i = 1; i < size && messages != NULL; ++i)
 {
  fprintf(stderr, "[bt]: (%d) %s\n", i, messages[i]);
 }

 free(messages);

 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

int crash()
{
 char * p = NULL;
 *p = 0;
 return 0;
}

int foo4()
{
 crash();
 return 0;
}

int foo3()
{
 foo4();
 return 0;
}

int foo2()
{
 foo3();
 return 0;
}

int foo1()
{
 foo2();
 return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
 struct sigaction sigact;

 sigact.sa_sigaction = crit_err_hdlr;
 sigact.sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_SIGINFO;

 if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sigact, (struct sigaction *)NULL) != 0)
 {
  fprintf(stderr, "error setting signal handler for %d (%s)\n",
    SIGSEGV, strsignal(SIGSEGV));

  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }

 foo1();

 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

输出

signal 11 (Segmentation fault), address is (nil) from 0x8c50
[bt]: (1) ./test(crash+0x24) [0x8c50]
[bt]: (2) ./test(foo4+0x10) [0x8c70]
[bt]: (3) ./test(foo3+0x10) [0x8c8c]
[bt]: (4) ./test(foo2+0x10) [0x8ca8]
[bt]: (5) ./test(foo1+0x10) [0x8cc4]
[bt]: (6) ./test(main+0x74) [0x8d44]
[bt]: (7) /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xa8) [0x40032e44]

在信号处理程序中调用backtrace()函数的所有危险仍然存在，不应忽视，但我发现这里描述的功能对调试崩溃非常有帮助。

需要注意的是，我提供的示例是在x86的Linux上开发/测试的。我也成功地实现了这在ARM上使用uc_mcontext。Arm_pc代替uc_mcontext.eip。

下面是我了解这个实现细节的文章的链接: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6391

我发现@tgamblin解决方案不完整。 它不能处理stackoverflow。 我想因为默认情况下信号处理程序是用相同的堆栈和调用的 SIGSEGV被抛出两次。为了保护，你需要为信号处理器注册一个独立的堆栈。

您可以使用下面的代码进行检查。默认情况下，处理程序失败。使用已定义的宏STACK_OVERFLOW就可以了。

#include <iostream>
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>

using namespace std;

//#define STACK_OVERFLOW

#ifdef STACK_OVERFLOW
static char stack_body[64*1024];
static stack_t sigseg_stack;
#endif

static struct sigaction sigseg_handler;

void handler(int sig) {
  cerr << "sig seg fault handler" << endl;
  const int asize = 10;
  void *array[asize];
  size_t size;

  // get void*'s for all entries on the stack
  size = backtrace(array, asize);

  // print out all the frames to stderr
  cerr << "stack trace: " << endl;
  backtrace_symbols_fd(array, size, STDERR_FILENO);
  cerr << "resend SIGSEGV to get core dump" << endl;
  signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
  kill(getpid(), sig);
}

void foo() {
  foo();
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
#ifdef STACK_OVERFLOW
  sigseg_stack.ss_sp = stack_body;
  sigseg_stack.ss_flags = SS_ONSTACK;
  sigseg_stack.ss_size = sizeof(stack_body);
  assert(!sigaltstack(&sigseg_stack, nullptr));
  sigseg_handler.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK;
#else
  sigseg_handler.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;  
#endif
  sigseg_handler.sa_handler = &handler;
  assert(!sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sigseg_handler, nullptr));
  cout << "sig action set" << endl;
  foo();
  return 0;
} 

一些版本的libc包含处理堆栈跟踪的函数;你可能会用到它们:

http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Backtraces.html

我记得很久以前使用过libunwind来获取堆栈跟踪，但您的平台可能不支持它。

参见ACE(自适应通信环境)中的堆栈跟踪功能。它已经被编写为涵盖所有主要平台(以及更多)。这个库是bsd风格授权的，所以如果你不想使用ACE，你甚至可以复制/粘贴代码。