在一些函数中，我添加了一个参数:

..., bool verify = true)

True表示抛出，false表示返回错误返回值。这样，任何使用这个函数的人都有两个选项。为了方便那些忘记错误处理的人，默认值应该是true。

通常它应该返回null。调用该方法的代码应该决定是抛出异常还是尝试其他操作。

这取决于你的语言和代码是否支持: 三思而后行 或 EAFP(请求原谅比请求允许容易)

LBYL说你应该检查值(所以返回null) EAFP表示只需尝试操作并查看它是否失败(抛出异常)

虽然我同意以上的观点。异常应该用于异常/错误条件，在使用检查时最好返回null。

Python中的EAFP vs. LBYL: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2003-May/205182.html (Web存档)

“其他”选项可以是让find方法接受一个带有默认对象的附加参数，如果无法找到所寻找的对象，将返回该默认对象。

否则，我只返回null，除非它确实是一个例外的情况，当对象没有找到。

首选返回null——

如果调用者在不检查的情况下使用它，异常就会在那里发生。

如果调用者并没有真正使用它，不要给他一个try/catch块

抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/