我正在寻找以下方法的任何替代方法,以创建包含1到N的JavaScript数组,其中N仅在运行时已知。

var foo = [];

for (var i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
   foo.push(i);
}

对我来说,我觉得应该有一种不用循环的方法。


当前回答

数组(…数组(9)).map((_,i)=>i);console.log(数组(…数组(9)).map((_,i)=>i))

其他回答

您可以这样做:

var N = 10; 
Array.apply(null, {length: N}).map(Number.call, Number)

结果:[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

或具有随机值:

Array.apply(null, {length: N}).map(Function.call, Math.random)

结果:[0.782694901619107,0.9572225909214467,0.8586748542729765,0.8653848143294454, 0.008339877473190427, 0.9911756622605026, 0.8133423360995948, 0.8377588465809822, 0.5577575915958732, 0.16363654541783035]

解释

首先,注意Number.call(undefined,N)等同于Number(N),它只返回N。我们稍后将使用这个事实。

Array.apply(null,[undefined,undefineed,undefinded])等同于Array(undefine,undefine,undefide),它生成一个三元素数组,并为每个元素分配undefine。

如何将其推广到N个元素?考虑一下Array()的工作原理,大致如下:

function Array() {
    if ( arguments.length == 1 &&
         'number' === typeof arguments[0] &&
         arguments[0] >= 0 && arguments &&
         arguments[0] < 1 << 32 ) {
        return [ … ];  // array of length arguments[0], generated by native code
    }
    var a = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
        a.push(arguments[i]);
    }
    return a;
}

自ECMAScript 5以来,Function.pr原型.apply(thisArg,argsArray)也接受鸭子类型的类似数组的对象作为其第二个参数。如果我们调用Array.apply(null,{length:N}),那么它将执行

function Array() {
    var a = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < /* arguments.length = */ N; i++) {
        a.push(/* arguments[i] = */ undefined);
    }
    return a;
}

现在我们有一个N元素数组,每个元素都设置为undefined。当我们对其调用.map(callback,thisArg)时,每个元素都将被设置为callback.call(thisArg,element,index,array)的结果。因此,[未定义,未定义,…,未定义].map(Number.call,Number)会将每个元素映射到(Number.call).call(Number,undefined,index,array),这与Number.ccall(undefineed,index,array)相同,正如我们之前所观察到的,它的计算结果为index。这就完成了元素与其索引相同的数组。

为什么要解决Array.apply(null,{length:N})而不是Array(N)的问题?毕竟,这两个表达式都会产生一个未定义元素的N元素数组。不同之处在于,在前一个表达式中,每个元素都被显式设置为undefined,而在后一个表达式,每个元素从未被设置。根据.map()的文档:

回调仅对已赋值数组的索引调用;对于已删除或从未赋值的索引,不会调用它。

因此,Array(N)不足;数组(N).map(Number.call,Number)将导致长度为N的未初始化数组。

兼容性

由于该技术依赖于ECMAScript 5中指定的Function.protype.apply()的行为,因此它在之前的ECMAScript5浏览器(如Chrome 14和Internet Explorer 9)中不起作用。

在ES6中,您可以执行以下操作:

数组(N).fill().map((e,i)=>i+1);

http://jsbin.com/molabiluwa/edit?js安慰

编辑:更新问题后,将数组(45)更改为数组(N)。

控制台日志(数组(45).填充(0).映射((e,i)=>i+1));

数组固有地管理其长度。当它们被遍历时,它们的索引可以保存在内存中并在此时被引用。如果需要知道随机索引,可以使用indexOf方法。

也就是说,为了满足您的需要,您可能只需要声明一个特定大小的数组:

var foo = new Array(N);   // where N is a positive integer

/* this will create an array of size, N, primarily for memory allocation, 
   but does not create any defined values

   foo.length                                // size of Array
   foo[ Math.floor(foo.length/2) ] = 'value' // places value in the middle of the array
*/

ES6

传播

使用扩展运算符(…)和键方法,可以创建一个大小为N的临时数组来生成索引,然后创建一个可以分配给变量的新数组:

var foo = [ ...Array(N).keys() ];

填充/贴图

您可以首先创建所需数组的大小,用undefined填充它,然后使用map创建一个新数组,它将每个元素设置为索引。

var foo = Array(N).fill().map((v,i)=>i);

排列自

这应该是初始化到大小为N的长度,并一次填充数组。

Array.from({ length: N }, (v, i) => i)

代替注释和混淆,如果您真的想在上面的示例中获取1..N中的值,有几个选项:

如果索引可用,您可以简单地将其递增一(例如,++i)。在不使用索引的情况下——可能是一种更有效的方法——创建数组,但使N表示N+1,然后从前面移动。所以,如果你想要100个数字:let arr;(arr=[…数组(101).keys()]).shift()




var foo=Array.from(数组(N),(v,i)=>i+1);

不支持在ES6解决方案中创建阵列

js不适用于100阵列

1.焊盘启动


// string arr
const arr = [...``.padStart(100, ` `)].map((item, i) => i + 1 + ``);

// (100) ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97", "98", "99", "100"]


// number arr
const arr = [...``.padStart(100, ` `)].map((item, i) => i + 1);

// (100) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100]


2.类型化阵列

Uint8阵列

// number arr
const arr = new Uint8Array(100).map((item, i) => i + 1);

// Uint8Array(100) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100]

// string arr
const arr = [...new Uint8Array(100).map((item, i) => i + 1)].map((item, i) => i + 1 + ``);

// (100) ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97", "98", "99", "100"]