如何迭代由空格分隔的单词组成的字符串中的单词?

注意,我对C字符串函数或那种字符操作/访问不感兴趣。比起效率,我更喜欢优雅。我当前的解决方案:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string s = "Somewhere down the road";
    istringstream iss(s);

    do {
        string subs;
        iss >> subs;
        cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;
    } while (iss);
}

当前回答

这是我写的一个函数,帮助我做了很多事情。它在为WebSocket做协议时帮助了我。

using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

vector<string> split ( string input , string split_id ) {
  vector<string> result;
  int i = 0;
  bool add;
  string temp;
  stringstream ss;
  size_t found;
  string real;
  int r = 0;
    while ( i != input.length() ) {
        add = false;
        ss << input.at(i);
        temp = ss.str();
        found = temp.find(split_id);
        if ( found != string::npos ) {
            add = true;
            real.append ( temp , 0 , found );
        } else if ( r > 0 &&  ( i+1 ) == input.length() ) {
            add = true;
            real.append ( temp , 0 , found );
        }
        if ( add ) {
            result.push_back(real);
            ss.str(string());
            ss.clear();
            temp.clear();
            real.clear();
            r = 0;
        }
        i++;
        r++;
    }
  return result;
}

int main() {
    string s = "S,o,m,e,w,h,e,r,e, down the road \n In a really big C++ house.  \n  Lives a little old lady.   \n   That no one ever knew.    \n    She comes outside.     \n     In the very hot sun.      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n   And throws C++ at us.    \n    The End.  FIN.";
    vector < string > Token;
    Token = split ( s , "," );
    for ( int i = 0 ; i < Token.size(); i++)    cout << Token.at(i) << endl;
    cout << endl << Token.size();
    int a;
    cin >> a;
    return a;
}

其他回答

我知道很晚才来参加聚会,但我正在考虑最优雅的方法,如果给你一系列分隔符而不是空格,并且只使用标准库。

以下是我的想法:

要通过分隔符序列将单词拆分为字符串向量,请执行以下操作:

template<class Container>
std::vector<std::string> split_by_delimiters(const std::string& input, const Container& delimiters)
{
    std::vector<std::string> result;

    for (auto current = begin(input) ; current != end(input) ; )
    {
        auto first = find_if(current, end(input), not_in(delimiters));
        if (first == end(input)) break;
        auto last = find_if(first, end(input), is_in(delimiters));
        result.emplace_back(first, last);
        current = last;
    }
    return result;
}

通过提供一系列有效字符,以另一种方式进行拆分:

template<class Container>
std::vector<std::string> split_by_valid_chars(const std::string& input, const Container& valid_chars)
{
    std::vector<std::string> result;

    for (auto current = begin(input) ; current != end(input) ; )
    {
        auto first = find_if(current, end(input), is_in(valid_chars));
        if (first == end(input)) break;
        auto last = find_if(first, end(input), not_in(valid_chars));
        result.emplace_back(first, last);
        current = last;
    }
    return result;
}

is_in和not_in的定义如下:

namespace detail {
    template<class Container>
    struct is_in {
        is_in(const Container& charset)
        : _charset(charset)
        {}

        bool operator()(char c) const
        {
            return find(begin(_charset), end(_charset), c) != end(_charset);
        }

        const Container& _charset;
    };

    template<class Container>
    struct not_in {
        not_in(const Container& charset)
        : _charset(charset)
        {}

        bool operator()(char c) const
        {
            return find(begin(_charset), end(_charset), c) == end(_charset);
        }

        const Container& _charset;
    };

}

template<class Container>
detail::not_in<Container> not_in(const Container& c)
{
    return detail::not_in<Container>(c);
}

template<class Container>
detail::is_in<Container> is_in(const Container& c)
{
    return detail::is_in<Container>(c);
}

STL还没有这样的方法。

但是,您可以通过使用std::string::C_str()成员来使用C的strtok()函数,也可以编写自己的函数。下面是我在快速谷歌搜索(“STL字符串分割”)后找到的代码示例:

void Tokenize(const string& str,
              vector<string>& tokens,
              const string& delimiters = " ")
{
    // Skip delimiters at beginning.
    string::size_type lastPos = str.find_first_not_of(delimiters, 0);
    // Find first "non-delimiter".
    string::size_type pos     = str.find_first_of(delimiters, lastPos);

    while (string::npos != pos || string::npos != lastPos)
    {
        // Found a token, add it to the vector.
        tokens.push_back(str.substr(lastPos, pos - lastPos));
        // Skip delimiters.  Note the "not_of"
        lastPos = str.find_first_not_of(delimiters, pos);
        // Find next "non-delimiter"
        pos = str.find_first_of(delimiters, lastPos);
    }
}

摘自:http://oopweb.com/CPP/Documents/CPPHOWTO/Volume/C++编程-HOWTO-7.html

如果您对代码示例有疑问,请留下评论,我会解释。

仅仅因为它没有实现称为迭代器的typedef或重载<<运算符,并不意味着它是错误的代码。我经常使用C函数。例如,printf和scanf都比std::cin和std::cout快(很明显),fopen语法对二进制类型更友好,它们也倾向于生成更小的EXE。

不要被这种“优雅胜过性能”的交易所吸引。

对于一个大得离谱而且可能是冗余的版本,可以尝试很多For循环。

string stringlist[10];
int count = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < sequence.length(); i++)
{
    if (sequence[i] == ' ')
    {
        stringlist[count] = sequence.substr(0, i);
        sequence.erase(0, i+1);
        i = 0;
        count++;
    }
    else if (i == sequence.length()-1)  // Last word
    {
        stringlist[count] = sequence.substr(0, i+1);
    }
}

它并不漂亮,但总的来说(除了标点符号和一系列其他错误)它是有效的!

使用vector作为基类的快速版本,可完全访问其所有运算符:

    // Split string into parts.
    class Split : public std::vector<std::string>
    {
        public:
            Split(const std::string& str, char* delimList)
            {
               size_t lastPos = 0;
               size_t pos = str.find_first_of(delimList);

               while (pos != std::string::npos)
               {
                    if (pos != lastPos)
                        push_back(str.substr(lastPos, pos-lastPos));
                    lastPos = pos + 1;
                    pos = str.find_first_of(delimList, lastPos);
               }
               if (lastPos < str.length())
                   push_back(str.substr(lastPos, pos-lastPos));
            }
    };

用于填充STL集的示例:

std::set<std::string> words;
Split split("Hello,World", ",");
words.insert(split.begin(), split.end());
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

    vector<string> split(const string &s, char delim) {
        vector<string> elems;
        stringstream ss(s);
        string item;
        while (getline(ss, item, delim)) {
            elems.push_back(item);
        }
        return elems;
    }

int main() {

        vector<string> x = split("thi is an sample test",' ');
        unsigned int i;
        for(i=0;i<x.size();i++)
            cout<<i<<":"<<x[i]<<endl;
        return 0;
}