我刚刚修改了一个脚本到后台和并行化的过程。

我做了一些实验(在Solaris上使用bash和ksh)，发现如果退出状态不为零，'wait'将输出退出状态，或者当没有提供PID参数时，将输出一个返回非零退出的作业列表。如。

Bash:

$ sleep 20 && exit 1 &
$ sleep 10 && exit 2 &
$ wait
[1]-  Exit 2                  sleep 20 && exit 2
[2]+  Exit 1                  sleep 10 && exit 1

Ksh:

$ sleep 20 && exit 1 &
$ sleep 10 && exit 2 &
$ wait
[1]+  Done(2)                  sleep 20 && exit 2
[2]+  Done(1)                  sleep 10 && exit 1

这个输出被写入stderr，所以OPs示例的简单解决方案可以是:

#!/bin/bash

trap "rm -f /tmp/x.$$" EXIT

for i in `seq 0 9`; do
  doCalculations $i &
done

wait 2> /tmp/x.$$
if [ `wc -l /tmp/x.$$` -gt 0 ] ; then
  exit 1
fi

虽然这:

wait 2> >(wc -l)

也将返回一个计数，但不包含TMP文件。这也可以这样使用，例如:

wait 2> >(if [ `wc -l` -gt 0 ] ; then echo "ERROR"; fi)

但是这并不比tmp文件有用多少。我找不到一种有效的方法来避免tmp文件，同时也避免在子shell中运行“等待”，这根本不会起作用。

下面的代码将等待所有计算的完成，并在任何doccalculation失败时返回退出状态1。

#!/bin/bash
for i in $(seq 0 9); do
   (doCalculations $i >&2 & wait %1; echo $?) &
done | grep -qv 0 && exit 1

我几乎陷入了使用jobs -p来收集pid的陷阱，如果子进程已经退出，这将不起作用，如下面的脚本所示。我选择的解决方案是简单地调用-n N次，其中N是我有孩子的数量，这是我确定知道的。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

sleeper() {
    echo "Sleeper $1"
    sleep $2
    echo "Exiting $1"
    return $3
}

start_sleepers() {
    sleeper 1 1 0 &
    sleeper 2 2 $1 &
    sleeper 3 5 0 &
    sleeper 4 6 0 &
    sleep 4
}

echo "Using jobs"
start_sleepers 1

pids=( $(jobs -p) )

echo "PIDS: ${pids[*]}"

for pid in "${pids[@]}"; do
    wait "$pid"
    echo "Exit code $?"
done

echo "Clearing other children"
wait -n; echo "Exit code $?"
wait -n; echo "Exit code $?"

echo "Waiting for N processes"
start_sleepers 2

for ignored in $(seq 1 4); do
    wait -n
    echo "Exit code $?"
done

输出:

Using jobs
Sleeper 1
Sleeper 2
Sleeper 3
Sleeper 4
Exiting 1
Exiting 2
PIDS: 56496 56497
Exiting 3
Exit code 0
Exiting 4
Exit code 0
Clearing other children
Exit code 0
Exit code 1
Waiting for N processes
Sleeper 1
Sleeper 2
Sleeper 3
Sleeper 4
Exiting 1
Exiting 2
Exit code 0
Exit code 2
Exiting 3
Exit code 0
Exiting 4
Exit code 0

正是为了这个目的，我写了一个bash函数:for。

注意::for不仅保留并返回失败函数的退出码，而且终止所有并行运行的实例。在这种情况下可能不需要。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Wait for pids to terminate. If one pid exits with
# a non zero exit code, send the TERM signal to all
# processes and retain that exit code
#
# usage:
# :wait 123 32
function :wait(){
    local pids=("$@")
    [ ${#pids} -eq 0 ] && return $?

    trap 'kill -INT "${pids[@]}" &>/dev/null || true; trap - INT' INT
    trap 'kill -TERM "${pids[@]}" &>/dev/null || true; trap - RETURN TERM' RETURN TERM

    for pid in "${pids[@]}"; do
        wait "${pid}" || return $?
    done

    trap - INT RETURN TERM
}

# Run a function in parallel for each argument.
# Stop all instances if one exits with a non zero
# exit code
#
# usage:
# :for func 1 2 3
#
# env:
# FOR_PARALLEL: Max functions running in parallel
function :for(){
    local f="${1}" && shift

    local i=0
    local pids=()
    for arg in "$@"; do
        ( ${f} "${arg}" ) &
        pids+=("$!")
        if [ ! -z ${FOR_PARALLEL+x} ]; then
            (( i=(i+1)%${FOR_PARALLEL} ))
            if (( i==0 )) ;then
                :wait "${pids[@]}" || return $?
                pids=()
            fi
        fi
    done && [ ${#pids} -eq 0 ] || :wait "${pids[@]}" || return $?
}

使用

for.sh:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e

# import :for from gist: https://gist.github.com/Enteee/c8c11d46a95568be4d331ba58a702b62#file-for
# if you don't like curl imports, source the actual file here.
source <(curl -Ls https://gist.githubusercontent.com/Enteee/c8c11d46a95568be4d331ba58a702b62/raw/)

msg="You should see this three times"

:(){
  i="${1}" && shift

  echo "${msg}"

  sleep 1
  if   [ "$i" == "1" ]; then sleep 1
  elif [ "$i" == "2" ]; then false
  elif [ "$i" == "3" ]; then
    sleep 3
    echo "You should never see this"
  fi
} && :for : 1 2 3 || exit $?

echo "You should never see this"

$ ./for.sh; echo $?
You should see this three times
You should see this three times
You should see this three times
1

参考文献

[1]:博客 [2]:要点

我想运行doCalculations;echo $ ?”>>/tmp/acc在一个子shell中被发送到后台，然后等待，然后/tmp/acc将包含退出状态，每行一个。不过，我不知道多个进程附加到累加器文件的任何后果。

下面是这个建议的一个例子:

文件:doCalcualtions

#!/bin/sh

random -e 20
sleep $?
random -e 10

文件:

#!/bin/sh

rm /tmp/acc

for i in $( seq 0 20 ) 
do
        ( ./doCalculations "$i"; echo "$?" >>/tmp/acc ) &
done

wait

cat /tmp/acc | fmt
rm /tmp/acc

running ./try的输出

5 1 9 6 8 1 2 0 9 6 5 9 6 0 0 4 9 5 5 9 8

下面是我的版本，适用于多个pid，如果执行时间过长，则记录警告，如果执行时间超过给定值，则停止子进程。

[编辑]我已经在https://github.com/deajan/ofunctions上传了我的WaitForTaskCompletion的新实现，称为ExecTasks。 还有一个用于WaitForTaskCompletion的compat层 (/编辑)

function WaitForTaskCompletion {
    local pids="${1}" # pids to wait for, separated by semi-colon
    local soft_max_time="${2}" # If execution takes longer than $soft_max_time seconds, will log a warning, unless $soft_max_time equals 0.
    local hard_max_time="${3}" # If execution takes longer than $hard_max_time seconds, will stop execution, unless $hard_max_time equals 0.
    local caller_name="${4}" # Who called this function
    local exit_on_error="${5:-false}" # Should the function exit program on subprocess errors       

    Logger "${FUNCNAME[0]} called by [$caller_name]."

    local soft_alert=0 # Does a soft alert need to be triggered, if yes, send an alert once 
    local log_ttime=0 # local time instance for comparaison

    local seconds_begin=$SECONDS # Seconds since the beginning of the script
    local exec_time=0 # Seconds since the beginning of this function

    local retval=0 # return value of monitored pid process
    local errorcount=0 # Number of pids that finished with errors

    local pidCount # number of given pids

    IFS=';' read -a pidsArray <<< "$pids"
    pidCount=${#pidsArray[@]}

    while [ ${#pidsArray[@]} -gt 0 ]; do
        newPidsArray=()
        for pid in "${pidsArray[@]}"; do
            if kill -0 $pid > /dev/null 2>&1; then
                newPidsArray+=($pid)
            else
                wait $pid
                result=$?
                if [ $result -ne 0 ]; then
                    errorcount=$((errorcount+1))
                    Logger "${FUNCNAME[0]} called by [$caller_name] finished monitoring [$pid] with exitcode [$result]."
                fi
            fi
        done

        ## Log a standby message every hour
        exec_time=$(($SECONDS - $seconds_begin))
        if [ $((($exec_time + 1) % 3600)) -eq 0 ]; then
            if [ $log_ttime -ne $exec_time ]; then
                log_ttime=$exec_time
                Logger "Current tasks still running with pids [${pidsArray[@]}]."
            fi
        fi

        if [ $exec_time -gt $soft_max_time ]; then
            if [ $soft_alert -eq 0 ] && [ $soft_max_time -ne 0 ]; then
                Logger "Max soft execution time exceeded for task [$caller_name] with pids [${pidsArray[@]}]."
                soft_alert=1
                SendAlert

            fi
            if [ $exec_time -gt $hard_max_time ] && [ $hard_max_time -ne 0 ]; then
                Logger "Max hard execution time exceeded for task [$caller_name] with pids [${pidsArray[@]}]. Stopping task execution."
                kill -SIGTERM $pid
                if [ $? == 0 ]; then
                    Logger "Task stopped successfully"
                else
                    errrorcount=$((errorcount+1))
                fi
            fi
        fi

        pidsArray=("${newPidsArray[@]}")
        sleep 1
    done

    Logger "${FUNCNAME[0]} ended for [$caller_name] using [$pidCount] subprocesses with [$errorcount] errors."
    if [ $exit_on_error == true ] && [ $errorcount -gt 0 ]; then
        Logger "Stopping execution."
        exit 1337
    else
        return $errorcount
    fi
}

# Just a plain stupid logging function to be replaced by yours
function Logger {
    local value="${1}"

    echo $value
}

例如，等待所有三个进程完成，如果执行时间超过5秒，则记录警告，如果执行时间超过120秒，则停止所有进程。不要在失败时退出程序。

function something {

    sleep 10 &
    pids="$!"
    sleep 12 &
    pids="$pids;$!"
    sleep 9 &
    pids="$pids;$!"

    WaitForTaskCompletion $pids 5 120 ${FUNCNAME[0]} false
}
# Launch the function
someting