我刚刚修改了一个脚本到后台和并行化的过程。

我做了一些实验(在Solaris上使用bash和ksh)，发现如果退出状态不为零，'wait'将输出退出状态，或者当没有提供PID参数时，将输出一个返回非零退出的作业列表。如。

Bash:

$ sleep 20 && exit 1 &
$ sleep 10 && exit 2 &
$ wait
[1]-  Exit 2                  sleep 20 && exit 2
[2]+  Exit 1                  sleep 10 && exit 1

Ksh:

$ sleep 20 && exit 1 &
$ sleep 10 && exit 2 &
$ wait
[1]+  Done(2)                  sleep 20 && exit 2
[2]+  Done(1)                  sleep 10 && exit 1

这个输出被写入stderr，所以OPs示例的简单解决方案可以是:

#!/bin/bash

trap "rm -f /tmp/x.$$" EXIT

for i in `seq 0 9`; do
  doCalculations $i &
done

wait 2> /tmp/x.$$
if [ `wc -l /tmp/x.$$` -gt 0 ] ; then
  exit 1
fi

虽然这:

wait 2> >(wc -l)

也将返回一个计数，但不包含TMP文件。这也可以这样使用，例如:

wait 2> >(if [ `wc -l` -gt 0 ] ; then echo "ERROR"; fi)

但是这并不比tmp文件有用多少。我找不到一种有效的方法来避免tmp文件，同时也避免在子shell中运行“等待”，这根本不会起作用。

下面的代码将等待所有计算的完成，并在任何doccalculation失败时返回退出状态1。

#!/bin/bash
for i in $(seq 0 9); do
   (doCalculations $i >&2 & wait %1; echo $?) &
done | grep -qv 0 && exit 1

使用'wait -n'来等待多个子进程，并在其中任何一个进程以非零状态码退出时退出。

#!/bin/bash
wait_for_pids()
{
    for (( i = 1; i <= $#; i++ )) do
        wait -n $@
        status=$?
        echo "received status: "$status
        if [ $status -ne 0 ] && [ $status -ne 127 ]; then
            exit 1
        fi
    done
}

sleep_for_10()
{
    sleep 10
    exit 10
}

sleep_for_20()
{
    sleep 20
}

sleep_for_10 &
pid1=$!

sleep_for_20 &
pid2=$!

wait_for_pids $pid2 $pid1

状态代码'127'是不存在的进程，这意味着子进程可能已经退出。

这是我目前想到的。我想了解如何在子进程终止时中断sleep命令，这样就不必根据使用情况调优WAITALL_DELAY。

waitall() { # PID...
  ## Wait for children to exit and indicate whether all exited with 0 status.
  local errors=0
  while :; do
    debug "Processes remaining: $*"
    for pid in "$@"; do
      shift
      if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
        debug "$pid is still alive."
        set -- "$@" "$pid"
      elif wait "$pid"; then
        debug "$pid exited with zero exit status."
      else
        debug "$pid exited with non-zero exit status."
        ((++errors))
      fi
    done
    (("$#" > 0)) || break
    # TODO: how to interrupt this sleep when a child terminates?
    sleep ${WAITALL_DELAY:-1}
   done
  ((errors == 0))
}

debug() { echo "DEBUG: $*" >&2; }

pids=""
for t in 3 5 4; do 
  sleep "$t" &
  pids="$pids $!"
done
waitall $pids

我最近用过这个(感谢Alnitak):

#!/bin/bash
# activate child monitoring
set -o monitor

# locking subprocess
(while true; do sleep 0.001; done) &
pid=$!

# count, and kill when all done
c=0
function kill_on_count() {
    # you could kill on whatever criterion you wish for
    # I just counted to simulate bash's wait with no args
    [ $c -eq 9 ] && kill $pid
    c=$((c+1))
    echo -n '.' # async feedback (but you don't know which one)
}
trap "kill_on_count" CHLD

function save_status() {
    local i=$1;
    local rc=$2;
    # do whatever, and here you know which one stopped
    # but remember, you're called from a subshell
    # so vars have their values at fork time
}

# care must be taken not to spawn more than one child per loop
# e.g don't use `seq 0 9` here!
for i in {0..9}; do
    (doCalculations $i; save_status $i $?) &
done

# wait for locking subprocess to be killed
wait $pid
echo

从这里，我们可以很容易地推断，并拥有一个触发器(触摸文件，发送信号)并改变计数标准(计数触摸的文件，或其他)以响应该触发器。或者如果你只是想要'any'非零rc，只需从save_status中杀死锁。

我已经尝试过了，并结合了其他例子中最好的部分。该脚本将在任何后台进程退出时执行checkpid函数，并输出退出状态而不诉诸轮询。

#!/bin/bash

set -o monitor

sleep 2 &
sleep 4 && exit 1 &
sleep 6 &

pids=`jobs -p`

checkpids() {
    for pid in $pids; do
        if kill -0 $pid 2>/dev/null; then
            echo $pid is still alive.
        elif wait $pid; then
            echo $pid exited with zero exit status.
        else
            echo $pid exited with non-zero exit status.
        fi
    done
    echo
}

trap checkpids CHLD

wait