我最近用过这个(感谢Alnitak):

#!/bin/bash
# activate child monitoring
set -o monitor

# locking subprocess
(while true; do sleep 0.001; done) &
pid=$!

# count, and kill when all done
c=0
function kill_on_count() {
    # you could kill on whatever criterion you wish for
    # I just counted to simulate bash's wait with no args
    [ $c -eq 9 ] && kill $pid
    c=$((c+1))
    echo -n '.' # async feedback (but you don't know which one)
}
trap "kill_on_count" CHLD

function save_status() {
    local i=$1;
    local rc=$2;
    # do whatever, and here you know which one stopped
    # but remember, you're called from a subshell
    # so vars have their values at fork time
}

# care must be taken not to spawn more than one child per loop
# e.g don't use `seq 0 9` here!
for i in {0..9}; do
    (doCalculations $i; save_status $i $?) &
done

# wait for locking subprocess to be killed
wait $pid
echo

从这里，我们可以很容易地推断，并拥有一个触发器(触摸文件，发送信号)并改变计数标准(计数触摸的文件，或其他)以响应该触发器。或者如果你只是想要'any'非零rc，只需从save_status中杀死锁。

这是有效的，应该是一个很好的，如果不是更好的@HoverHell的答案!

#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -m # allow for job control
EXIT_CODE=0;  # exit code of overall script

function foo() {
     echo "CHLD exit code is $1"
     echo "CHLD pid is $2"
     echo $(jobs -l)

     for job in `jobs -p`; do
         echo "PID => ${job}"
         wait ${job} ||  echo "At least one test failed with exit code => $?" ; EXIT_CODE=1
     done
}

trap 'foo $? $$' CHLD

DIRN=$(dirname "$0");

commands=(
    "{ echo "foo" && exit 4; }"
    "{ echo "bar" && exit 3; }"
    "{ echo "baz" && exit 5; }"
)

clen=`expr "${#commands[@]}" - 1` # get length of commands - 1

for i in `seq 0 "$clen"`; do
    (echo "${commands[$i]}" | bash) &   # run the command via bash in subshell
    echo "$i ith command has been issued as a background job"
done

# wait for all to finish
wait;

echo "EXIT_CODE => $EXIT_CODE"
exit "$EXIT_CODE"

# end

当然，我已经在一个NPM项目中保存了这个脚本，它允许你并行运行bash命令，对测试很有用:

https://github.com/ORESoftware/generic-subshell

wait还(可选地)接受要等待的进程的PID，并且使用$!你会得到最后一个命令的PID在后台启动。 修改循环，将每个衍生子进程的PID存储到一个数组中，然后再次循环等待每个PID。

# run processes and store pids in array
for i in $n_procs; do
    ./procs[${i}] &
    pids[${i}]=$!
done

# wait for all pids
for pid in ${pids[*]}; do
    wait $pid
done

我刚刚修改了一个脚本到后台和并行化的过程。

我做了一些实验(在Solaris上使用bash和ksh)，发现如果退出状态不为零，'wait'将输出退出状态，或者当没有提供PID参数时，将输出一个返回非零退出的作业列表。如。

Bash:

$ sleep 20 && exit 1 &
$ sleep 10 && exit 2 &
$ wait
[1]-  Exit 2                  sleep 20 && exit 2
[2]+  Exit 1                  sleep 10 && exit 1

Ksh:

$ sleep 20 && exit 1 &
$ sleep 10 && exit 2 &
$ wait
[1]+  Done(2)                  sleep 20 && exit 2
[2]+  Done(1)                  sleep 10 && exit 1

这个输出被写入stderr，所以OPs示例的简单解决方案可以是:

#!/bin/bash

trap "rm -f /tmp/x.$$" EXIT

for i in `seq 0 9`; do
  doCalculations $i &
done

wait 2> /tmp/x.$$
if [ `wc -l /tmp/x.$$` -gt 0 ] ; then
  exit 1
fi

虽然这:

wait 2> >(wc -l)

也将返回一个计数，但不包含TMP文件。这也可以这样使用，例如:

wait 2> >(if [ `wc -l` -gt 0 ] ; then echo "ERROR"; fi)

但是这并不比tmp文件有用多少。我找不到一种有效的方法来避免tmp文件，同时也避免在子shell中运行“等待”，这根本不会起作用。

http://jeremy.zawodny.com/blog/archives/010717.html:

#!/bin/bash

FAIL=0

echo "starting"

./sleeper 2 0 &
./sleeper 2 1 &
./sleeper 3 0 &
./sleeper 2 0 &

for job in `jobs -p`
do
echo $job
    wait $job || let "FAIL+=1"
done

echo $FAIL

if [ "$FAIL" == "0" ];
then
echo "YAY!"
else
echo "FAIL! ($FAIL)"
fi

我真的很喜欢卢卡的回答，但需要它为zsh，所以这里是作为参考:

pids=()

# run processes and store pids in array
for i in $n_procs; do
    ./procs[${i}] &
    pids+=($!)
done

# wait for all pids
for pid in ${pids[*]}; do
    wait $pid
done```