如何在bash脚本中等待从该脚本派生的几个子进程完成，然后在任何子进程以code !=0结束时返回退出代码!=0?
简单的脚本:
#!/bin/bash
for i in `seq 0 9`; do
doCalculations $i &
done
wait
上面的脚本将等待所有10个子进程，但它总是给出退出状态0(参见help wait)。我如何修改这个脚本，以便它将发现衍生子进程的退出状态，并在任何子进程以code !=0结束时返回退出代码1 ?
有没有比收集子进程的pid、按顺序等待它们并求和退出状态更好的解决方案呢?
当前回答
使用'wait -n'来等待多个子进程，并在其中任何一个进程以非零状态码退出时退出。
#!/bin/bash
wait_for_pids()
{
for (( i = 1; i <= $#; i++ )) do
wait -n $@
status=$?
echo "received status: "$status
if [ $status -ne 0 ] && [ $status -ne 127 ]; then
exit 1
fi
done
}
sleep_for_10()
{
sleep 10
exit 10
}
sleep_for_20()
{
sleep 20
}
sleep_for_10 &
pid1=$!
sleep_for_20 &
pid2=$!
wait_for_pids $pid2 $pid1
状态代码'127'是不存在的进程，这意味着子进程可能已经退出。
其他回答
我最近用过这个(感谢Alnitak):
#!/bin/bash
# activate child monitoring
set -o monitor
# locking subprocess
(while true; do sleep 0.001; done) &
pid=$!
# count, and kill when all done
c=0
function kill_on_count() {
# you could kill on whatever criterion you wish for
# I just counted to simulate bash's wait with no args
[ $c -eq 9 ] && kill $pid
c=$((c+1))
echo -n '.' # async feedback (but you don't know which one)
}
trap "kill_on_count" CHLD
function save_status() {
local i=$1;
local rc=$2;
# do whatever, and here you know which one stopped
# but remember, you're called from a subshell
# so vars have their values at fork time
}
# care must be taken not to spawn more than one child per loop
# e.g don't use `seq 0 9` here!
for i in {0..9}; do
(doCalculations $i; save_status $i $?) &
done
# wait for locking subprocess to be killed
wait $pid
echo
从这里，我们可以很容易地推断，并拥有一个触发器(触摸文件，发送信号)并改变计数标准(计数触摸的文件，或其他)以响应该触发器。或者如果你只是想要'any'非零rc，只需从save_status中杀死锁。
http://jeremy.zawodny.com/blog/archives/010717.html:
#!/bin/bash
FAIL=0
echo "starting"
./sleeper 2 0 &
./sleeper 2 1 &
./sleeper 3 0 &
./sleeper 2 0 &
for job in `jobs -p`
do
echo $job
wait $job || let "FAIL+=1"
done
echo $FAIL
if [ "$FAIL" == "0" ];
then
echo "YAY!"
else
echo "FAIL! ($FAIL)"
fi
我已经尝试过了，并结合了其他例子中最好的部分。该脚本将在任何后台进程退出时执行checkpid函数，并输出退出状态而不诉诸轮询。
#!/bin/bash
set -o monitor
sleep 2 &
sleep 4 && exit 1 &
sleep 6 &
pids=`jobs -p`
checkpids() {
for pid in $pids; do
if kill -0 $pid 2>/dev/null; then
echo $pid is still alive.
elif wait $pid; then
echo $pid exited with zero exit status.
else
echo $pid exited with non-zero exit status.
fi
done
echo
}
trap checkpids CHLD
wait
捕获CHLD信号可能不起作用，因为如果它们同时到达，您可能会丢失一些信号。
#!/bin/bash
trap 'rm -f $tmpfile' EXIT
tmpfile=$(mktemp)
doCalculations() {
echo start job $i...
sleep $((RANDOM % 5))
echo ...end job $i
exit $((RANDOM % 10))
}
number_of_jobs=10
for i in $( seq 1 $number_of_jobs )
do
( trap "echo job$i : exit value : \$? >> $tmpfile" EXIT; doCalculations ) &
done
wait
i=0
while read res; do
echo "$res"
let i++
done < "$tmpfile"
echo $i jobs done !!!
如果你安装了GNU Parallel，你可以这样做:
# If doCalculations is a function
export -f doCalculations
seq 0 9 | parallel doCalculations {}
GNU Parallel会给你退出代码:
0 -所有作业运行无错误。 1-253 -部分作业失败。退出状态给出了失败作业的数量 254—超过253个作业失败。 255 -其他错误。
观看介绍视频了解更多信息:http://pi.dk/1
