我知道最初的问题明确地提到了C而不是c++，但如果你(像我一样)来这里寻找c++数组的解决方案，这里有一个巧妙的技巧:

如果你的编译器支持fold表达式，你可以使用template magic和std::index_sequence生成一个包含你想要的值的初始化列表。你甚至可以把它想象成一个老板:

#include <array>

/// [3]
/// This functions's only purpose is to ignore the index given as the second
/// template argument and to always produce the value passed in.
template<class T, size_t /*ignored*/>
constexpr T identity_func(const T& value) {
    return value;
}

/// [2]
/// At this point, we have a list of indices that we can unfold
/// into an initializer list using the `identity_func` above.
template<class T, size_t... Indices>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Indices)>
make_array_of_impl(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Indices...>) {
    return {identity_func<T, Indices>(value)...};
}

/// [1]
/// This is the user-facing function.
/// The template arguments are swapped compared to the order used
/// for std::array, this way we can let the compiler infer the type
/// from the given value but still define it explicitly if we want to.
template<size_t Size, class T>
constexpr std::array<T, Size> 
make_array_of(const T& value) {
    using Indices = std::make_index_sequence<Size>;
    return make_array_of_impl(value, Indices{});
}

// std::array<int, 4>{42, 42, 42, 42}
constexpr auto test_array = make_array_of<4/*, int*/>(42);
static_assert(test_array[0] == 42);
static_assert(test_array[1] == 42);
static_assert(test_array[2] == 42);
static_assert(test_array[3] == 42);
// static_assert(test_array[4] == 42); out of bounds

您可以查看工作中的代码(在Wandbox中)

没有人提到访问初始化数组元素的索引顺序。我的示例代码将为它提供一个说明性示例。

#include <iostream>

void PrintArray(int a[3][3])
{
    std::cout << "a11 = " << a[0][0] << "\t\t" << "a12 = " << a[0][1] << "\t\t" << "a13 = " << a[0][2] << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a21 = " << a[1][0] << "\t\t" << "a22 = " << a[1][1] << "\t\t" << "a23 = " << a[1][2] << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a31 = " << a[2][0] << "\t\t" << "a32 = " << a[2][1] << "\t\t" << "a33 = " << a[2][2] << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;
}

int wmain(int argc, wchar_t * argv[])
{
    int a1[3][3] =  {   11,     12,     13,     // The most
                        21,     22,     23,     // basic
                        31,     32,     33  };  // format.

    int a2[][3] =   {   11,     12,     13,     // The first (outer) dimension
                        21,     22,     23,     // may be omitted. The compiler
                        31,     32,     33  };  // will automatically deduce it.

    int a3[3][3] =  {   {11,    12,     13},    // The elements of each
                        {21,    22,     23},    // second (inner) dimension
                        {31,    32,     33} };  // can be grouped together.

    int a4[][3] =   {   {11,    12,     13},    // Again, the first dimension
                        {21,    22,     23},    // can be omitted when the 
                        {31,    32,     33} };  // inner elements are grouped.

    PrintArray(a1);
    PrintArray(a2);
    PrintArray(a3);
    PrintArray(a4);

    // This part shows in which order the elements are stored in the memory.
    int * b = (int *) a1;   // The output is the same for the all four arrays.
    for (int i=0; i<9; i++)
    {
        std::cout << b[i] << '\t';
    }

    return 0;
}

输出结果为:

a11 = 11                a12 = 12                a13 = 13
a21 = 21                a22 = 22                a23 = 23
a31 = 31                a32 = 32                a33 = 33

a11 = 11                a12 = 12                a13 = 13
a21 = 21                a22 = 22                a23 = 23
a31 = 31                a32 = 32                a33 = 33

a11 = 11                a12 = 12                a13 = 13
a21 = 21                a22 = 22                a23 = 23
a31 = 31                a32 = 32                a33 = 33

a11 = 11                a12 = 12                a13 = 13
a21 = 21                a22 = 22                a23 = 23
a31 = 31                a32 = 32                a33 = 33

11      12      13      21      22      23      31      32      33

除非该值为0(在这种情况下，可以省略初始化式的某些部分 并且相应的元素将被初始化为0)，没有简单的方法。

不过，不要忽视显而易见的解决方案:

int myArray[10] = { 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 };

缺少值的元素将初始化为0:

int myArray[10] = { 1, 2 }; // initialize to 1,2,0,0,0...

所以这将把所有元素初始化为0:

int myArray[10] = { 0 }; // all elements 0

在c++中，空初始化列表也会将每个元素初始化为0。 C在C23之前是不允许的:

int myArray[10] = {}; // all elements 0 in C++ and C23

记住，如果没有，具有静态存储持续时间的对象将初始化为0 初始化式被指定:

static int myArray[10]; // all elements 0

而“0”并不一定意味着“全位零”，所以使用上面的是 比memset()更好、更可移植。(浮点值将是 初始化为+0，指向空值，等等)

有一个快速的方法来初始化任何类型的数组与给定的值。它在大型阵列上工作得非常好。算法如下:

初始化数组的第一个元素(通常的方式) 将已设置的部分复制为未设置的部分，每次复制操作都将大小增加一倍

对于1 000 000个数组元素，它比常规循环初始化快4倍(i5, 2核，2.3 GHz, 4GiB内存，64位):

循环运行时间0.004248[秒]

Memfill()运行时间0.001085[秒]

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ARR_SIZE 1000000

void memfill(void *dest, size_t destsize, size_t elemsize) {
   char   *nextdest = (char *) dest + elemsize;
   size_t movesize, donesize = elemsize;

   destsize -= elemsize;
   while (destsize) {
      movesize = (donesize < destsize) ? donesize : destsize;
      memcpy(nextdest, dest, movesize);
      nextdest += movesize; destsize -= movesize; donesize += movesize;
   }
}    
int main() {
    clock_t timeStart;
    double  runTime;
    int     i, a[ARR_SIZE];

    timeStart = clock();
    for (i = 0; i < ARR_SIZE; i++)
        a[i] = 9;    
    runTime = (double)(clock() - timeStart) / (double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
    printf("loop runtime %f [seconds]\n",runTime);

    timeStart = clock();
    a[0] = 10;
    memfill(a, sizeof(a), sizeof(a[0]));
    runTime = (double)(clock() - timeStart) / (double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
    printf("memfill() runtime %f [seconds]\n",runTime);
    return 0;
}

我在这个问题中没有看到任何要求，所以解决方案必须是通用的:初始化一个未指定的可能是多维数组，由一个初始成员值的未指定的可能是结构元素构建:

#include <string.h> 

void array_init( void *start, size_t element_size, size_t elements, void *initval ){
  memcpy(        start,              initval, element_size              );
  memcpy( (char*)start+element_size, start,   element_size*(elements-1) );
}

// testing
#include <stdio.h> 

struct s {
  int a;
  char b;
} array[2][3], init;

int main(){
  init = (struct s){.a = 3, .b = 'x'};
  array_init( array, sizeof(array[0][0]), 2*3, &init );

  for( int i=0; i<2; i++ )
    for( int j=0; j<3; j++ )
      printf("array[%i][%i].a = %i .b = '%c'\n",i,j,array[i][j].a,array[i][j].b);
}

结果:

array[0][0].a = 3 .b = 'x'
array[0][1].a = 3 .b = 'x'
array[0][2].a = 3 .b = 'x'
array[1][0].a = 3 .b = 'x'
array[1][1].a = 3 .b = 'x'
array[1][2].a = 3 .b = 'x'

编辑:start+element_size更改为(char*)start+element_size

略带开玩笑的回答;写语句

array = initial_value

用你最喜欢的支持数组的语言(我的是Fortran，但还有很多其他语言)，并将它链接到你的C代码。你可能想把它包装成一个外部函数。