我有这样的代码,但我认为意图是明确的:

testmakeshared.cpp

#include <memory>

class A {
 public:
   static ::std::shared_ptr<A> create() {
      return ::std::make_shared<A>();
   }

 protected:
   A() {}
   A(const A &) = delete;
   const A &operator =(const A &) = delete;
};

::std::shared_ptr<A> foo()
{
   return A::create();
}

但是当我编译它时,我得到了这个错误:

g++ -std=c++0x -march=native -mtune=native -O3 -Wall testmakeshared.cpp
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:52:0,
                 from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/memory:86,
                 from testmakeshared.cpp:1:
testmakeshared.cpp: In constructor ‘std::_Sp_counted_ptr_inplace<_Tp, _Alloc, _Lp>::_Sp_counted_ptr_inplace(_Alloc) [with _Tp = A, _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2u]’:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:518:8:   instantiated from ‘std::__shared_count<_Lp>::__shared_count(std::_Sp_make_shared_tag, _Tp*, const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = A, _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2u]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:986:35:   instantiated from ‘std::__shared_ptr<_Tp, _Lp>::__shared_ptr(std::_Sp_make_shared_tag, const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}, _Tp = A, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2u]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:313:64:   instantiated from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp>::shared_ptr(std::_Sp_make_shared_tag, const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}, _Tp = A]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:531:39:   instantiated from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp> std::allocate_shared(const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = A, _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:547:42:   instantiated from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp1> std::make_shared(_Args&& ...) [with _Tp = A, _Args = {}]’
testmakeshared.cpp:6:40:   instantiated from here
testmakeshared.cpp:10:8: error: ‘A::A()’ is protected
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:400:2: error: within this context

Compilation exited abnormally with code 1 at Tue Nov 15 07:32:58

这条消息基本上是在说模板实例化堆栈中::std::make_shared中的一些随机方法不能访问构造函数,因为它是受保护的。

但我真的想使用::std::make_shared和防止任何人创建这个类的对象不是由a::std::shared_ptr指向的。有什么办法可以做到吗?


当前回答

这个答案可能更好,也是我可能会接受的答案。但我也提出了一个更丑的方法,但仍然让一切仍然是内联的,不需要一个派生类:

#include <memory>
#include <string>

class A {
 protected:
   struct this_is_private;

 public:
   explicit A(const this_is_private &) {}
   A(const this_is_private &, ::std::string, int) {}

   template <typename... T>
   static ::std::shared_ptr<A> create(T &&...args) {
      return ::std::make_shared<A>(this_is_private{0},
                                   ::std::forward<T>(args)...);
   }

 protected:
   struct this_is_private {
       explicit this_is_private(int) {}
   };

   A(const A &) = delete;
   const A &operator =(const A &) = delete;
};

::std::shared_ptr<A> foo()
{
   return A::create();
}

::std::shared_ptr<A> bar()
{
   return A::create("George", 5);
}

::std::shared_ptr<A> errors()
{
   ::std::shared_ptr<A> retval;

   // Each of these assignments to retval properly generates errors.
   retval = A::create("George");
   retval = new A(A::this_is_private{0});
   return ::std::move(retval);
}

Edit 2017-01-06:我对此进行了更改,以清楚地表明,这个思想可以清楚地、简单地扩展到接受参数的构造函数,因为其他人正在按照这些思路提供答案,并且似乎对此感到困惑。

其他回答

理想情况下,我认为完美的解决方案是需要添加到c++标准中。Andrew Schepler提出以下建议:

(点击这里查看整篇文章)

我们可以借用boost::iterator_core_access中的思想。我建议 一个新类std::shared_ptr_access,没有public或 受保护的成员,并指定为 Std::make_shared(args…)和Std::alloc_shared(a, args… 表达式::new(pv) T(forward(args)…)和ptr->~T()必须为 在std::shared_ptr_access上下文中格式良好。 std::shared_ptr_access的实现可能如下所示:

namespace std {
    class shared_ptr_access
    {
        template <typename _T, typename ... _Args>
        static _T* __construct(void* __pv, _Args&& ... __args)
        { return ::new(__pv) _T(forward<_Args>(__args)...); }

        template <typename _T>
        static void __destroy(_T* __ptr) { __ptr->~_T(); }

        template <typename _T, typename _A>
        friend class __shared_ptr_storage;
    };
}

使用

如果/当将上述内容添加到标准中,我们将简单地做到:

class A {
public:
   static std::shared_ptr<A> create() {
      return std::make_shared<A>();
   }

 protected:
   friend class std::shared_ptr_access;
   A() {}
   A(const A &) = delete;
   const A &operator =(const A &) = delete;
};

如果这听起来也是对标准的重要补充,请随时将您的2美分添加到链接的isocpp谷歌组中。

当两个严格相关的类a和类B一起工作时,会出现一个更麻烦也更有趣的问题。

假设A是“主类”,B是“从类”。如果你想将B的实例化限制为A,你可以将B的构造函数设为private,并将B设为A的友例

class B
{
public:
    // B your methods...

private:
    B();
    friend class A;
};

不幸的是,从a的方法调用std::make_shared<B>()将使编译器抱怨B::B()是私有的。

我对此的解决方案是在B内部创建一个公共Pass虚拟类(就像nullptr_t一样),它有私有构造函数,与a是朋友,并使B的构造函数为公共,并将Pass添加到它的参数中,就像这样。

class B
{
public:
  class Pass
  {
    Pass() {}
    friend class A;
  };

  B(Pass, int someArgument)
  {
  }
};

class A
{
public:
  A()
  {
    // This is valid
    auto ptr = std::make_shared<B>(B::Pass(), 42);
  }
};

class C
{
public:
  C()
  {
    // This is not
    auto ptr = std::make_shared<B>(B::Pass(), 42);
  }
};

这可能是最简单的解决办法。基于Mohit Aron之前的回答,并结合dlf的建议。

#include <memory>

class A
{
public:
    static std::shared_ptr<A> create()
    {
        struct make_shared_enabler : public A {};

        return std::make_shared<make_shared_enabler>();
    }

private:
    A() {}  
};
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

class A : public std::enable_shared_from_this<A>
{
private:
    A(){}
    explicit A(int a):m_a(a){}
public:
    template <typename... Args>
    static std::shared_ptr<A> create(Args &&... args)
    {
        class make_shared_enabler : public A
        {
        public:
            make_shared_enabler(Args &&... args):A(std::forward<Args>(args)...){}
        };
        return std::make_shared<make_shared_enabler>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    int val() const
    {
        return m_a;
    }
private:
    int m_a=0;
};

int main(int, char **)
{
    std::shared_ptr<A> a0=A::create();
    std::shared_ptr<A> a1=A::create(10);
    std::cout << a0->val() << " " << a1->val() << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

如果您还想启用一个接受参数的构造函数,这可能会有所帮助。

#include <memory>
#include <utility>

template<typename S>
struct enable_make : public S
{
    template<typename... T>
    enable_make(T&&... t)
        : S(std::forward<T>(t)...)
    {
    }
};

class foo
{
public:
    static std::unique_ptr<foo> create(std::unique_ptr<int> u, char const* s)
    {
        return std::make_unique<enable_make<foo>>(std::move(u), s);
    }
protected:
    foo(std::unique_ptr<int> u, char const* s)
    {
    }
};

void test()
{
    auto fp = foo::create(std::make_unique<int>(3), "asdf");
}