我有这样的代码,但我认为意图是明确的:

testmakeshared.cpp

#include <memory>

class A {
 public:
   static ::std::shared_ptr<A> create() {
      return ::std::make_shared<A>();
   }

 protected:
   A() {}
   A(const A &) = delete;
   const A &operator =(const A &) = delete;
};

::std::shared_ptr<A> foo()
{
   return A::create();
}

但是当我编译它时,我得到了这个错误:

g++ -std=c++0x -march=native -mtune=native -O3 -Wall testmakeshared.cpp
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:52:0,
                 from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/memory:86,
                 from testmakeshared.cpp:1:
testmakeshared.cpp: In constructor ‘std::_Sp_counted_ptr_inplace<_Tp, _Alloc, _Lp>::_Sp_counted_ptr_inplace(_Alloc) [with _Tp = A, _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2u]’:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:518:8:   instantiated from ‘std::__shared_count<_Lp>::__shared_count(std::_Sp_make_shared_tag, _Tp*, const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = A, _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2u]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:986:35:   instantiated from ‘std::__shared_ptr<_Tp, _Lp>::__shared_ptr(std::_Sp_make_shared_tag, const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}, _Tp = A, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp = (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2u]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:313:64:   instantiated from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp>::shared_ptr(std::_Sp_make_shared_tag, const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}, _Tp = A]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:531:39:   instantiated from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp> std::allocate_shared(const _Alloc&, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = A, _Alloc = std::allocator<A>, _Args = {}]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr.h:547:42:   instantiated from ‘std::shared_ptr<_Tp1> std::make_shared(_Args&& ...) [with _Tp = A, _Args = {}]’
testmakeshared.cpp:6:40:   instantiated from here
testmakeshared.cpp:10:8: error: ‘A::A()’ is protected
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.6.1/../../../../include/c++/4.6.1/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:400:2: error: within this context

Compilation exited abnormally with code 1 at Tue Nov 15 07:32:58

这条消息基本上是在说模板实例化堆栈中::std::make_shared中的一些随机方法不能访问构造函数,因为它是受保护的。

但我真的想使用::std::make_shared和防止任何人创建这个类的对象不是由a::std::shared_ptr指向的。有什么办法可以做到吗?


当前回答

如果可能的话,你可以创建一个公共移动构造函数,如下所示:

class A {
 public:
   A(A&&) = default;
   static ::std::shared_ptr<A> create() {
      return ::std::make_shared<A>(std::move<A>(A{}));
   }

 protected:
   A() {}
   A(const A &) = delete;
   const A &operator =(const A &) = delete;
};

::std::shared_ptr<A> foo()
{
   return A::create();
}

其他回答

基于CRTP的解决方案,允许对多个类进行分解,很容易启用,并适用于带参数的构造函数。它要求构造函数是受保护的(而不是私有的)。用法有点类似于enable_shared_from_this。它没有破坏受保护关键字的缺点,即使用::make_unique的类必须是友类。灵感来自Mark Tolley的回答。

实现:

template <typename ClassWithProtectedCtor>
class enable_protected_make_unique
{
protected: // important, if public then equivalent to having the constructor public which is what we want to avoid!
    template <typename... Args>
    static std::unique_ptr<ClassWithProtectedCtor> make_unique(Args &&... args)
    {
        class make_unique_enabler : public ClassWithProtectedCtor
        {
        public:
            // it's from this line that comes the need to have the constructor protected, not private:
            make_unique_enabler(Args &&... args) : ClassWithProtectedCtor(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
        };
        return std::make_unique<make_unique_enabler>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
};

用法示例:

class Factory;

class MyClassWithProtectedCtor : public enable_protected_make_unique<MyClassWithProtectedCtor>
{
friend Factory;
private:
    MyClassWithProtectedCtor(int a, double c) {};
}

class Factory
{
    std::unique_ptr<MyClassWithProtectedCtor> CreateMyClassWithProtectedCtor(int a, double c)
    {
        return MyClassWithProtectedCtor::make_unique(a, c);
    }
}

您可以用shared替换unique,或者在同一个“使能器”类中合并这两者。

免责声明:我没有在产品代码中测试,可能有缺点(例如当提到MyClassWithProtectedCtor类型时,会出现较长的错误消息)。

如果您还想启用一个接受参数的构造函数,这可能会有所帮助。

#include <memory>
#include <utility>

template<typename S>
struct enable_make : public S
{
    template<typename... T>
    enable_make(T&&... t)
        : S(std::forward<T>(t)...)
    {
    }
};

class foo
{
public:
    static std::unique_ptr<foo> create(std::unique_ptr<int> u, char const* s)
    {
        return std::make_unique<enable_make<foo>>(std::move(u), s);
    }
protected:
    foo(std::unique_ptr<int> u, char const* s)
    {
    }
};

void test()
{
    auto fp = foo::create(std::make_unique<int>(3), "asdf");
}
struct A {
public:
  template<typename ...Arg> std::shared_ptr<A> static create(Arg&&...arg) {
    struct EnableMakeShared : public A {
      EnableMakeShared(Arg&&...arg) :A(std::forward<Arg>(arg)...) {}
    };
    return std::make_shared<EnableMakeShared>(std::forward<Arg>(arg)...);
  }
  void dump() const {
    std::cout << a_ << std::endl;
  }
private:
  A(int a) : a_(a) {}
  A(int i, int j) : a_(i + j) {}
  A(std::string const& a) : a_(a.size()) {}
  int a_;
};

这可能是最简单的解决办法。基于Mohit Aron之前的回答,并结合dlf的建议。

#include <memory>

class A
{
public:
    static std::shared_ptr<A> create()
    {
        struct make_shared_enabler : public A {};

        return std::make_shared<make_shared_enabler>();
    }

private:
    A() {}  
};

如果可能的话,你可以创建一个公共移动构造函数,如下所示:

class A {
 public:
   A(A&&) = default;
   static ::std::shared_ptr<A> create() {
      return ::std::make_shared<A>(std::move<A>(A{}));
   }

 protected:
   A() {}
   A(const A &) = delete;
   const A &operator =(const A &) = delete;
};

::std::shared_ptr<A> foo()
{
   return A::create();
}